---
title: "Rostral–caudal subthalamic nucleus encoding of flexible versus habitual value in primates"
id: "biorxiv-3-differential-value-processing-in-the-rostral-and-causal-subthalamic-nucleus"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-3-differential-value-processing-in-the-rostral-and-causal-subthalamic-nucleus"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-10-23T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Rostral–caudal subthalamic nucleus encoding of flexible versus habitual value in primates
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-3-differential-value-processing-in-the-rostral-and-causal-subthalamic-nucleus
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-23T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The team investigated functional differences along the rostral–caudal axis of the **subthalamic nucleus (STN)** in primates using neurophysiology and region-specific inactivation. - Investigators reported that neurons in the rostral STN (rSTN) preferentially encoded values that were updated flexibly during goal-directed decisions, while neurons in the caudal STN (cSTN) preferentially encoded long-term, stable value memories that guide habitual choices. - The study observed dissociable behavioral outcomes after inactivation along the STN axis: rSTN inactivation impaired goal-directed behavior that required flexible updating of value; cSTN inactivation disrupted habitual behavior dependent on long-term value memories. - Authors noted a rostral–caudal functional segregation in the STN: rSTN supports flexible, goal-directed decision-making; cSTN supports stable, habitual decision-making. - The preprint frames these findings as a possible explanation for cognitive side effects of **STN-DBS** in **Parkinson's disease**, arguing that stimulation or dysfunction of different STN subregions could differentially affect cognitive processes beyond motor control. - The source did not report detailed experimental parameters (for example, exact behavioral task design, sample sizes, recording methods, inactivation technique parameters, or statistical values) in the abstract; those methodological details would need to be consulted in the full manuscript for replication or clinical translation. - Open questions documented by the authors include how STN dysfunction or **STN-DBS** in Parkinson's disease may differentially affect specific cognitive processes tied to the rSTN versus cSTN.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Keonwoo Lee Seoul National University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Keonwoo%2BLee%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20K&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AKeonwoo%2BLee%2B) Myong Lee Seoul National University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Myong%2BLee%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20M&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AMyong%2BLee%2B) Haiyan Jiang Seoul National University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Haiyan%2BJiang%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jiang%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHaiyan%2BJiang%2B) Hyoung F Kim Seoul National University * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Hyoung%2BF%2BKim%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20HF&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHyoung%2BF%2BKim%2B) * [ORCID record for Hyoung F Kim](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5253-0981 "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: hfkim@snu.ac.kr * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5898078/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5898078/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5898078/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5898078/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major target region of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD), effectively alleviating motor symptoms. However, STN-DBS can also induce cognitive impairments, suggesting that the STN contributes to cognitive functions beyond simple motor control. Furthermore, anatomical organization supports functional segregation of cognitive processes, as basal ganglia subregions encoding flexible and stable values topographically project to distinct STN subregions. Yet, whether the STN contributes to cognitive functions and, if so, how subregions of the STN differentially process cognitive flexibility and habitual stability remains unknown. Here, we reveal a rostral-caudal functional organization of the STN that differentially supports flexible value updating and long-term value memory, enabling adaptive and habitual decision-making, respectively. Neurons in the rostral STN (rSTN) preferentially encode flexibly updated values, whereas neurons in the caudal STN (cSTN) preferentially encode stable long-term value memories. Notably, inactivation of the STN along the rostral-caudal axis produced dissociable behavioral deficits: rSTN inactivation selectively impaired goal-directed behavior requiring flexible value updating, whereas cSTN inactivation selectively disrupted habitual behavior guided by long-term value memories. Together, these results reveal a rostral-caudal functional segregation of the STN, with the rSTN supporting goal-directed behavior and the cSTN supporting habitual behavior. These findings further provide a framework for understanding how STN dysfunction or STN-DBS in Parkinson's disease may differentially affect cognitive processes beyond motor control. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ## Funder Information Declared National Research Foundation of Korea, https://ror.org/013aysd81, RS-2024-00339355, RS-2024-00436783, RS-2025-02263832, RS-2026-25507282 Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a [CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). bioRxiv and medRxiv thank the following for their generous financial support: > The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the Sergey Brin Family Foundation, California Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Imperial College London, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, The University of Edinburgh, University of Washington, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 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[ Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032v1.full.pdf) Print/Save Options [Download PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/23/2026.10.19.760032.full.pdf)Full Text & In-line FiguresXML [More Info](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#PrintOptions "More Information on Print/Save Options") [ Email](https://www.biorxiv.org/ "Email this Article") [ Share](https://www.biorxiv.org/) Differential value processing in the rostral and causal subthalamic nucleus during flexible and habitual decision-making in primates: Implications for cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease Keonwoo Lee, Myong Lee, Haiyan Jiang, Hyoung F Kim bioRxiv 2026.10.19.760032; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.19.760032 This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [[what does this mean?](https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#unrefereed)]. 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