---
title: "Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effects on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition During Simulate"
id: "pubmed-42670191"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42670191"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Neurology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/"
doi: "10.1002/brb3.71729"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effects on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognition During Simulate
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42670191
- **Specialty:** [Neurology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/neurology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/brb3.71729](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbrb3.71729)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study objective: assess how 24-hour simulated high-altitude **hypobaric hypoxia** (3600 m) affects regional **cerebral blood flow (CBF)** and cognitive function, and whether **transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)** modulates those effects. - Design: randomized controlled trial at Chinese PLA General Hospital (June 2024–December 2025) with healthy Han Chinese male volunteers aged 18–45. - Participants: 43 individuals exposed to hypobaric hypoxia were randomized to tVNS (n = 23) or non-tVNS control (n = 20); an additional non-exposure cohort (n = 18) was included to account for cognitive learning effects. - Imaging and cognitive measures: arterial spin labeling (ASL) quantified CBF in anterior, middle, posterior cerebral artery territories and hippocampus at baseline, during exposure, and post-exposure. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status at the same time points. - Main CBF findings in controls: hypoxia produced compensatory increases in regional CBF across all examined regions (statistically significant, p < 0.05). - Main CBF findings with tVNS: modulation was region-specific — frontotemporal CBF higher at exposure than post-exposure and higher at post-exposure than baseline; occipital and hippocampal CBF higher at exposure than at both other time points with no difference between post-exposure and baseline. - Between-group CBF comparison: only temporal lobe CBF was significantly greater in the tVNS group than in the control group (76.22 ± 7.49 vs. 70.88 ± 8.93, p = 0.039). - Cognitive outcomes: simulated hypoxia impaired visuospatial ability, language, attention, and delayed memory (all p < 0.05). tVNS did not ameliorate these hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits. - Conclusion from authors: 3600 m simulated hypobaric hypoxia causes compensatory regional CBF elevations; **tVNS** selectively augments temporal lobe perfusion but did not improve cognition in this protocol; further optimized studies are needed to clarify any neuroprotective effects. - Keywords highlighted in source: arterial spin labeling; cerebral blood flow; cognitive function; hypobaric hypoxia; transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognitive Function Under Simulated High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxia [Xiaojun Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jinhao Lyu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lyu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jiayu Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Yuheng Mao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mao+Y&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Wenxia Zhou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhou+W&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Jian Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Yongqin Xiong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xiong+Y&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Xiaoxiao Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jianxing Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Caohui Duan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Duan+C&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Chenran Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+C&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Xiangbing Bian](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bian+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Lin Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+L&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jianhui Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Xin Lou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lou+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. * 2 State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42670191** * DOI: [ 10.1002/brb3.71729 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71729) Item in Clipboard Randomized Controlled Trial # Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognitive Function Under Simulated High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxia Xiaojun Yu et al. Brain Behav. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Brain Behav Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain+Behav%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Brain+Behav%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/) . 2026 Sep;16(9):e71729. doi: 10.1002/brb3.71729. ### Authors [Xiaojun Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jinhao Lyu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lyu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jiayu Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Yuheng Mao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mao+Y&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Wenxia Zhou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhou+W&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Jian Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Yongqin Xiong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xiong+Y&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Xiaoxiao Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jianxing Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Caohui Duan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Duan+C&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Chenran Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+C&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Xiangbing Bian](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bian+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Lin Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+L&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China."), [Jianhui Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+J&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-2 "State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China."), [Xin Lou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lou+X&cauthor_id=42670191)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42670191/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Radiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. * 2 State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42670191** * DOI: [ 10.1002/brb3.71729 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71729) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 3600 m) on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function, and to explore the regulatory role of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS). **Methods:** Forty-three healthy Han Chinese males (18-45 years) were enrolled at the Chinese PLA General Hospital (June 2024-December 2025). During 24-h hypobaric hypoxia exposure via a specialized hypobaric chamber, participants were randomly assigned to tVNS (n = 23) or non-tVNS (n = 20) groups. A non-exposure cohort (n = 18) was included to correct for cognitive learning effects. Arterial spin labeling quantified CBF in the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral artery territories and hippocampus at baseline, exposure, and post-exposure; the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status assessed cognitive function at the same time points. **Results:** Hypoxia-induced compensatory CBF increases across all examined regions in the control group (p < 0.05). In the tVNS group, CBF modulation was region-specific: frontotemporal CBF was higher at exposure than post-exposure and higher at post-exposure than baseline; occipital and hippocampal CBF were higher at exposure than at both other time points, with no difference between post-exposure and baseline. Only temporal lobe CBF was significantly higher in the tVNS group than the control group (76.22 ± 7.49 vs. 70.88 ± 8.93, p = 0.039). Hypoxia impaired visuospatial ability, language, and attention and delayed memory (all p < 0.05), but tVNS did not ameliorate these deficits. **Conclusions:** Simulated 3600 m hypobaric hypoxia induces compensatory regional CBF elevations. tVNS selectively increases temporal lobe perfusion but does not ameliorate cognitive impairment, warranting optimized studies to clarify its neuroprotective role. **Keywords:** arterial spin labeling; cerebral blood flow; cognitive function; hypobaric hypoxia; transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation. © 2026 The Author(s). Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Regional cerebral blood flow during acute hypoxia in individuals susceptible to acute mountain sickness. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18088570/) Dyer EA, Hopkins SR, Perthen JE, Buxton RB, Dubowitz DJ.Dyer EA, et al.Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008 Feb 29;160(3):267-76. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.10.010. Epub 2007 Oct 26.Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008.PMID: 18088570Free PMC article. * [ The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39780300/) Sönmez Ö, Holstein E, Puschmann S, Schmitt T, Witt K, Thiel CM.Sönmez Ö, et al.Psychophysiology. 2025 Jan;62(1):e14739. doi: 10.1111/psyp.14739.Psychophysiology. 2025.PMID: 39780300Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Humans Induces Pupil Dilation and Attenuates Alpha Oscillations. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33214317/) Sharon O, Fahoum F, Nir Y.Sharon O, et al.J Neurosci. 2021 Jan 13;41(2):320-330. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1361-20.2020. Epub 2020 Nov 19.J Neurosci. 2021.PMID: 33214317Free PMC article. * [ Regulation of cerebral blood flow in mammals during chronic hypoxia: a matter of balance. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19617269/) Ainslie PN, Ogoh S.Ainslie PN, et al.Exp Physiol. 2010 Feb;95(2):251-62. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2008.045575. Epub 2009 Jul 17.Exp Physiol. 2010.PMID: 19617269Review. * [ Cerebral hemodynamic changes at high altitude in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcranial Doppler and duplex ultrasound studies. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42485264/) Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Abanto-Urbano S, Olarte-Durand M, Vilca-Salas MI, Moran-Ballon PC, Quispe-Vicuña C, Velasquez-Rimachi V, Sequeiros J, Regalado-Rodriguez KM, Zila-Velasque PE, Zila-Velasque SE, Clemente-Tueros S, Terry F, Alva-Diaz C.Zila-Velasque JP, et al.J Appl Physiol (1985). 2
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