---
title: "Acute infection-driven inflammation and its potential role in cancer progression"
id: "pubmed-42743107"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42743107"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/"
doi: "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962"
published_at: "2026-09-15T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Acute infection-driven inflammation and its potential role in cancer progression
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42743107
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/)
- **DOI:** [10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.3003962)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-15T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Acute infections with common respiratory viruses, including **influenza** and **SARS-CoV-2**, have been implicated in promoting cancer progression in recent experimental data. - Epidemiological links between chronic infections and cancer are established, but mechanisms by which acute infections might accelerate tumor growth or dissemination are less defined. - Infection-triggered **acute inflammation** can produce a rapid inflammatory cascade that remodels local tissues and the **tumor microenvironment**, potentially favoring cancer cell survival and immune evasion. - Dynamic reprogramming of immune cells during acute infection may create conditions that support tumor expansion and spread by altering immune surveillance. - Acute infections can also provoke **anti-tumor immune responses**; the net impact on tumor progression likely depends on how infections skew immune programs toward protumor or antitumor phenotypes. - Understanding the contextual factors that determine whether infection-driven inflammation promotes or restrains cancer is critical for guiding future therapeutic strategies. - The review highlights the need to define immune program shifts during infection to develop interventions that mitigate infection-associated tumor promotion while preserving beneficial anti-tumor responses. - Conflict of interest disclosures note that two authors serve on a scientific advisory board for Mitotherapeutix and one author has additional advisory roles; other authors declare no competing interests. - The article is a 2026 PLoS Biology review (PMID 42743107, DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962) and is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#conflict-of-interest) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#mesh-terms) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Publication types MeSH terms Review PLoS Biol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+Biol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) . 2026 Sep 15;24(9):e3003962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962. eCollection 2026 Sep. # Does acute inflammation triggered by infection promote cancer progression? [Felipe Valença-Pereira](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Valen%C3%A7a-Pereira+F&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [Bryan Johnson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Johnson+B&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [James DeGregori](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeGregori+J&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [Mercedes Rincon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rincon+M&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America. * 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America. * PMID: **42743107** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962) Item in Clipboard Review # Does acute inflammation triggered by infection promote cancer progression? Felipe Valença-Pereira et al. PLoS Biol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID PLoS Biol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+Biol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) . 2026 Sep 15;24(9):e3003962. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962. eCollection 2026 Sep. ### Authors [Felipe Valença-Pereira](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Valen%C3%A7a-Pereira+F&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [Bryan Johnson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Johnson+B&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [James DeGregori](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DeGregori+J&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America."), [Mercedes Rincon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rincon+M&cauthor_id=42743107)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America. * 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America. * PMID: **42743107** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003962) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Chronic infections are associated with cancer incidence and progression in human epidemiological data, but less is known about how such infections might promote cancer progression. Recent data implicate acute infection with common respiratory viruses, such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, in cancer progression, providing evidence that infection-driven inflammation can promote tumor expansion and dissemination in experimental systems. The resulting acute inflammatory cascade and dynamic immune cell reprogramming can rapidly remodel the tissue microenvironment to favor cancer cell survival, growth, and evasion of immune elimination. However, acute infections can also elicit anti-tumor immune responses. Defining how infections differentially skew immune programs to promote or restrain cancer progression will therefore be essential for developing future strategies to target this disease. Copyright: © 2026 Valença-Pereira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement We have read the journal’s policy, and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: M.R and J.D. serve on the scientific advisory board for Mitotherapeutix. J.D. is the editor-in-chief of the journal Aging and Cancer and is a member of the scientific advisory boards for the International Center for Aging and Cancer (Hainan, China). All other authors declare no competing interests. ## Publication types * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) ## MeSH terms * Acute Disease Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acute+Disease%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Acute+Disease) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Betacoronavirus Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Betacoronavirus%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Betacoronavirus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * COVID-19 Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Coronavirus Infections* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coronavirus+Infections%2Fcomplications%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Coronavirus+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Coronavirus Infections* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Coronavirus+Infections%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Coronavirus+Infections) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Disease Progression Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Disease+Progression%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disease+Progression) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Inflammation* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammation%2Fcomplications%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inflammation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Inflammation* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammation%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inflammation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Inflammation* / pathology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammation%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inflammation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Inflammation* / virology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammation%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inflammation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Neoplasms* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Neoplasms* / pathology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Neoplasms* / virology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Pneumonia, Viral* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pneumonia%2C+Viral%2Fcomplications%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pneumonia%2C+Viral) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Pneumonia, Viral* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pneumonia%2C+Viral%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pneumonia%2C+Viral) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * SARS-CoV-2 Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22SARS-CoV-2%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=SARS-CoV-2) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * Tumor Microenvironment / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tumor+Microenvironment%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Tumor+Microenvironment) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42743107%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42743107/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Follow NCBI [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [ GitHub ](https://github.com/ncbi) [ ](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Connect with NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html) * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH) * [ SM-Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) * [ SM-Youtube ](https:/
## Related Clinical Research

- [Vaccine-associated survival differences during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: evidence from](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42673464.md) (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2621501123)
- [Arginine supplements and immune recognition: mouse study links arginine to improved cancer and vir](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-could-arginine-supplements-help-boost-immune-responses-to-cancer-viruses.md)
- [Burden of RSV Hospitalizations in Brazilian Adults Aged ≥60 Years (2013–2024)](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42758792.md) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357303)
- [Updated Guidelines for Flu, COVID-19, and RSV Vaccines: Essential Insights](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-1-experts-clarify-flu-covid-rsv-vaccine-guidance-what-to-know.md)
- [Macrolide-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Detected in Peru During 2025 Outbreak](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/cdc-emerging-infectious-diseases-journal-2-emergence-of-macrolide-resistant-bordetella-pertussis-peru-2025.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Oncology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.