---
title: "Blood test trends versus single abnormal results to detect cancer in patients with unexpected weig"
id: "pubmed-42752402"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752402"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/"
doi: "10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956"
published_at: "2026-09-17T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Blood test trends versus single abnormal results to detect cancer in patients with unexpected weig
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752402
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/)
- **DOI:** [10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1004956)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-17T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether historical **blood test trend** data improve discrimination between cancer and non-cancer in adults presenting to primary care with **unexpected weight loss (UWL)**. - The cohort included 275,205 patients with UWL between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2018 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, with linked National Cancer Registrations Data used to ascertain diagnoses. - Overall cancer prevalence in the cohort was 5.0% (13,798 patients). - Quantitative results for 26 blood tests were extracted prior to the date of UWL; the median number of tests per person over 10 years ranged from 2 to 4 tests depending on test type, with reported interquartile ranges. - Median time between first and last blood test per person was 5.2 years (IQR 1.5–8.2) in cases and 4.3 years (IQR 1.0–7.7) in those without cancer; median time from last blood test to UWL was 0.1 years (IQR 0.0–0.6) for cases and 0.3 years (IQR 0.0–1.1) for cancer-free patients. - Analyses used Cox models for blood test abnormalities and joint models for trends over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year windows; discrimination assessed with area under the curve (**AUC**) and 95% confidence intervals. - Age- and sex-adjusted blood test abnormalities and adjusted trends showed better discrimination than unadjusted equivalents. - Adjustment produced higher AUCs for trend versus single-test abnormality on 34 occasions; the highest reported AUC was 0.82 (95% CI 0.81–0.83). - Specific improved trend–cancer pairings included: mean cell volume trend for bowel cancer and lymphoma; white blood cell and neutrophil trends for lung cancer; and aspartate aminotransferase, red blood cell count, haematocrit, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio trends for prostate cancer. - Limitations noted: potential bias in who was tested was not accounted for by the modelling strategy, and trend analyses were restricted to patients with two or more tests in each trend window. - Authors conclude that interpreting blood test results after **age and sex adjustment** improves triage for cancer investigation in patients with UWL and that evaluating historical trends adds further discrimination for some test–cancer combinations.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#conflict-of-interest) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#mesh-terms) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Publication types MeSH terms Comparative Study PLoS Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) . 2026 Sep 17;23(9):e1004956. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956. eCollection 2026 Sep. # Blood test trend versus single threshold abnormality to discriminate cancer from non-cancer in patients with unexpected weight loss: A retrospective cohort study [Brian D Nicholson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nicholson+BD&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Clare R Bankhead](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bankhead+CR&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Sufen Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+S&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Jason Lee Oke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oke+JL&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Cynthia Wright Drakesmith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wright+Drakesmith+C&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Rafael Perera](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Perera+R&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Frederick D Richard Hobbs](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hobbs+FDR&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Oxford Institute of Digital Health, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Pradeep S Virdee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Virdee+PS&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. * 2 Oxford Institute of Digital Health, Oxford, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42752402** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956) Item in Clipboard Comparative Study # Blood test trend versus single threshold abnormality to discriminate cancer from non-cancer in patients with unexpected weight loss: A retrospective cohort study Brian D Nicholson et al. PLoS Med. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID PLoS Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) . 2026 Sep 17;23(9):e1004956. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956. eCollection 2026 Sep. ### Authors [Brian D Nicholson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nicholson+BD&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Clare R Bankhead](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bankhead+CR&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Sufen Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+S&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Jason Lee Oke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oke+JL&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Cynthia Wright Drakesmith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wright+Drakesmith+C&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Rafael Perera](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Perera+R&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Frederick D Richard Hobbs](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hobbs+FDR&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Oxford Institute of Digital Health, Oxford, United Kingdom."), [Pradeep S Virdee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Virdee+PS&cauthor_id=42752402)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.") ### Affiliations * 1 Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. * 2 Oxford Institute of Digital Health, Oxford, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42752402** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004956) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Unexpected weight loss (UWL) is a non-specific cancer symptom. Abnormalities in the most recent blood test contribute to cancer referral decisions in primary care. Interpreting historical changes (trends) in blood tests could enhance discrimination for undiagnosed cancer. We aimed to assess the discrimination of blood test trend for undiagnosed cancer and compare this to that of blood test abnormality in patients presenting to primary care with UWL. **Methods and findings:** We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to English primary care with UWL aged ≥18 years between 01/01/2000 and 31/12/2018 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We extracted all quantitative results for 26 blood tests prior to the date of UWL. Overall and site-specific cancer diagnosis was ascertained using linked National Cancer Registrations Data. Cox models, unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex, estimated cancer risk based on blood test abnormalities (such as low albumin or raised platelets) co-occurring with UWL and joint models assessed trends in each blood test over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods prior to UWL. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess discrimination, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Amongst 275,205 UWL patients, 5.0% (n = 13,798) with cancer, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) number of blood tests per person over the 10 years ranged from 2 (IQR [12-3]) for 3 types of tests to 4 (IQR [2-7]) for 12 types of tests. The median (IQR) time between the first and last blood test per person was 5.2 (IQR [1.5-8.2]) years cases and 4.3 (IQR [1.0-7.7]) years for those cancer-free. The median time between the last blood test and UWL per person was 0.1 (IQR [0.0-0.6]) years for cases and 0.3 (IQR [0.0-1.1]) years for those cancer-free. Adjusted blood test abnormalities and trends were more discriminative than the unadjusted equivalent. Adjustment resulted in higher AUCs for trend compared to the equivalent blood test abnormality on 34 occasions, with highest AUC of 0.82 (95% CI [0.81, 0.83]). This included 26 trends for cancer overall, mean cell volume trend for bowel cancer and lymphoma, white blood count and neutrophil trend for lung cancer, and aspartate aminotransferase, red blood cell count, haematocrit, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio trend for prostate cancer. A limitation of our modelling strategy is that it did not take into account the bias in who was tested and our trend analysis was also restricted to patients with 2 or more tests in each trend window. **Conclusions:** Blood test abnormalities should be interpreted after age and sex adjustment to improve triage for cancer investigation in patients attending primary care with UWL. Evaluating historical trend offers further discrimination after adjustment for some test-cancer combinations. Copyright: © 2026 Nicholson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. ## Publication types * Comparative Study Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Comparative+Study%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Comparative+Study) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) ## MeSH terms * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Diagnosis, Differential Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diagnosis%2C+Differential%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diagnosis%2C+Differential) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Hematologic Tests* / trends Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hematologic+Tests%2Ftrends%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hematologic+Tests) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Middle Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Neoplasms* / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Neoplasms* / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Neoplasms%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Neoplasms) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Retrospective Studies Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Retrospective+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Retrospective+Studies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * Weight Loss* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Weight+Loss%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Weight+Loss) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752402%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752402/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https:/
## Related Clinical Research

- [Blood test trends versus single abnormal results to detect cancer in patients with unexpected weig](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-medicine-1-blood-test-trend-versus-single-threshold-abnormality-to-discriminate-cancer.md)
- [Increased 1-Year Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Invasive Cancer Diagnosis: Nationwide Cohort Study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42706874.md) (DOI: 10.1002/cncr.70536)
- [Mendelian Randomization Study of Oral Cavity Cancer and Lymphoma: No Broad Causal Link](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42644523.md) (DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.c_2780)
- [MYC–MIZ1 Enhancer Complexes Regulate Neuroendocrine Identity in Small Cell Lung Cancer](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-7-myc-miz1-complexes-at-enhancers-tune-neuroendocrine-identity-of-small-cell-lung.md)
- [CXCR4 and PD-1 blockade overcomes stroma-driven T-cell exclusion and exhaustion in PDAC 3D models](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-17-targeting-stroma-mediated-t-cell-exclusion-and-functional-exhaustion-in.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Oncology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.