---
title: "cGAS‑STING Signaling in Host Defense and Oncogenic Virus–Associated Cancer"
id: "pubmed-42671026"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671026"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/"
doi: "10.1002/cbf.70296"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# cGAS‑STING Signaling in Host Defense and Oncogenic Virus–Associated Cancer
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671026
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/cbf.70296](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcbf.70296)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The **cGAS‑STING** pathway is a primary cytosolic **DNA sensor** that regulates innate immune responses by detecting abnormal DNA species. - Activation of cGAS‑STING triggers downstream signaling including production of **type I interferon**, contributing to antiviral defense and tissue homeostasis. - This pathway is important for resisting pathogenic microorganisms and maintaining cellular equilibrium. - Oncogenic viruses interact with cGAS‑STING in complex ways: sensing of viral DNA can inhibit viral replication and help prevent tumorigenesis. - Paradoxically, cGAS‑STING signaling can, in some contexts, promote cancer progression driven by oncogenic viruses. - The pathway therefore has a **dual role in cancer**—both tumor suppressive and tumor promoting depending on context. - The reviewed manuscript summarizes known mechanisms of activation, the bidirectional effects on virus-related carcinogenesis, and agents that act as **agonists** or **inhibitors** of the pathway. - Specific molecular details, lists of individual agonists/inhibitors, and experimental data are reported in the full article but were not included in the abstract excerpt provided here. - Key clinical concepts include innate immune modulation, viral immune evasion, and therapeutic targeting of cGAS‑STING in virus-associated neoplasms.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China. * 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China. * 4 Genetic Testing Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * PMID: **42671026** * DOI: [ 10.1002/cbf.70296 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.70296) Item in Clipboard Review # The Significance of cGAS-STING Signaling in Response to Oncogenic Viruses Limei Guo et al. Cell Biochem Funct. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Cell Biochem Funct Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cell+Biochem+Funct%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Cell+Biochem+Funct%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/) . 2026 Sep;44(9):e70296. doi: 10.1002/cbf.70296. ### Authors [Limei Guo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Guo+L&cauthor_id=42671026)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China."), [Li Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+L&cauthor_id=42671026)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China."), [Fang Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+F&cauthor_id=42671026)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Genetic Testing Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."), [Wen Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+W&cauthor_id=42671026)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."), [Yan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=42671026)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671026/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China. * 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China. * 4 Genetic Testing Center, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * PMID: **42671026** * DOI: [ 10.1002/cbf.70296 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.70296) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, as a key DNA sensor, plays a significant role in the regulation of innate immune responses. This pathway can be activated by sensing abnormal DNA, and is of great significance for resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In addition, the cGAS-STING pathway plays a dual role in cancer, and oncogenic viruses can cause cell carcinogenesis in the body through multiple mechanisms, thereby affecting human health. This manuscript reviews the vital role of cGAS-STING in the immune process, as well as the fact that viruses causing human tumor lesions can activate cGAS-STING, leading to virus inhibition and further preventing the occurrence and development of related cancers, and the paradoxically promoted progression of related cancers by viruses through cGAS-STING. And summarize the agonists and inhibitors that act in different ways based on the activation mechanism of cGAS-STING. **Keywords:** cGAS‐STING; innate immunity; mechanism; oncogenic virus; type I interferon. © 2026 The Author(s). Cell Biochemistry and Function published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ The cGAS‒STING pathway in cancer immunity: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic implications. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40188340/) Shen M, Jiang X, Peng Q, Oyang L, Ren Z, Wang J, Peng M, Zhou Y, Deng X, Liao Q.Shen M, et al.J Hematol Oncol. 2025 Apr 5;18(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s13045-025-01691-5.J Hematol Oncol. 2025.PMID: 40188340Free PMC article.Review. * [ cGAS-STING pathway in innate immunity and its cell-specific role in kidney diseases. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42416061/) Wei M, Luo H, Liu W, Ma T, Wang P.Wei M, et al.Front Immunol. 2026 Jun 23;17:1763106. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1763106. eCollection 2026.Front Immunol. 2026.PMID: 42416061Free PMC article.Review. * [ The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer immunity: dual roles, therapeutic strategies, and clinical challenges. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40052963/) Yue B, Gao W, Lovell JF, Jin H, Huang J.Yue B, et al.Essays Biochem. 2025 Mar 7;69(2):EBC20253006. doi: 10.1042/EBC20253006.Essays Biochem. 2025.PMID: 40052963Free PMC article.Review. * [ Unveiling cGAS mechanisms: Insights into DNA damage and immune sensing in cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40680482/) Cho MG, Gupta GP.Cho MG, et al.DNA Repair (Amst). 2025 Aug;152:103868. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2025.103868. Epub 2025 Jul 9.DNA Repair (Amst). 2025.PMID: 40680482Free PMC article.Review. * [ Emerging molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING activation and regulation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41806557/) Liu Y, Ma K, Jiang Z.Liu Y, et al.Mol Immunol. 2026 May;193:10-25. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2026.02.008. Epub 2026 Mar 9.Mol Immunol. 2026.PMID: 41806557Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42671026) ## References 1. 1. P. T. Lange, M. C. White, and B. Damania, “Activation and Evasion of Innate Immunity by Gammaherpesviruses,” Journal of Molecular Biology 434, no. 6 (2022): 167214, . 2. 1. Z. Ge and S. Ding, “Regulation of cGAS/STING Signaling and Corresponding Immune Escape Strategies of Viruses,” Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 (2022): 954581, . 3. 1. R. Venkatraman, K. R. Balka, W. Wong, et al., “IKKɛ Induces Sting Non‐IFN Immune Responses via a Mechanism Analogous to Tbk1,” iScience 27, no. 9 (2024): 110693, . 4. 1. Z. Ma and B. Damania, “The cGAS‐STING Defense Pathway and Its Counteraction by Viruses,” Cell Host & Microbe 19, no. 2 (2016): 150–158, . 5. 1. A. P. West, W. Khoury‐Hanold, M. Staron, et al., “Mitochondrial DNA Stress Primes the Antiviral Innate Immune Response,” Nature 520, no. 7548 (2015): 553–557, . 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