---
title: "Epstein-Barr Virus Detected in HIV-Associated Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma"
id: "biorxiv-5-epstein-barr-virus-in-hiv-associated-conjunctival-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-epstein-barr-virus-in-hiv-associated-conjunctival-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)"
source_url: "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1?rss=1"
published_at: "2026-10-21T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Verified Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Epstein-Barr Virus Detected in HIV-Associated Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-epstein-barr-virus-in-hiv-associated-conjunctival-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** bioRxiv (Biomedical Preprints)
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1?rss=1)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-21T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Verified Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators examined eight primary conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma specimens drawn from two geographic cohorts: five tumors from Nigeria (patients with **HIV**) and three tumors from Japan (patients without **HIV**). - The team applied three complementary assays: **EBER-ISH** (Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization), EBV DNA PCR, and virome analysis of RNA sequencing data. - EBER signals localized to epithelial tumor cells in four of the five Nigerian specimens; no EBER signal was observed in the three Japanese specimens. - EBV DNA and EBV RNA signals were each detected in three Nigerian tumors; every EBER-positive tumor was supported by at least one additional assay (DNA or RNA). - The authors used human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized conjunctival epithelial cells infected with Akata-GFP-EBV as an in vitro model; infected cultures expressed both latency-associated and lytic viral genes. - Investigators performed a transcriptional comparison between three infected cultures and three control cultures and reported identification of 96 different (the source did not report the remainder of this result in the abstract). - The preprint notes an association between **Epstein-Barr virus** presence and **HIV**-associated cSCC in this small series, and presents an experimental model showing epithelial transcriptional reprogramming after EBV infection; full transcriptomic details and downstream pathway annotations were not fully reported in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Hirotomo Dochi 1 Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Hirotomo%2BDochi%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dochi%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHirotomo%2BDochi%2B) Janardhan Avilala 1 Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Janardhan%2BAvilala%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Avilala%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AJanardhan%2BAvilala%2B) Yutaro Yamada 2 Division of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan; 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Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Gilbert%2BF%2BMorris%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Morris%20GF&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AGilbert%2BF%2BMorris%2B) Wenke Feng 7 Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Wenke%2BFeng%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Feng%20W&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AWenke%2BFeng%2B) Hong Liu 8 Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Hong%2BLiu%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20H&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AHong%2BLiu%2B) * [ORCID record for Hong Liu](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-3327 "Open in new tab") Zhen Lin 1 Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States of America; * [Find this author on Google Scholar](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Zhen%2BLin%2B "Open in new tab") * [Find this author on PubMed](https://www.biorxiv.org/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lin%20Z&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH "Open in new tab") * [Search for this author on this site](https://www.biorxiv.org/search/author1%3AZhen%2BLin%2B) * [ORCID record for Zhen Lin](http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-053X "Open in new tab") * For correspondence: zlin@tulane.edu * [Abstract](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_art/node:5890881/1) * [Info/History](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1.article-info)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_info/node:5890881/1) * [Metrics](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1.article-metrics)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/article_tab_metrics/node:5890881/1) * [ Preview PDF](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.20.760218v1.full.pdf+html)[](https://www.biorxiv.org/panels_ajax_tab/biorxiv_tab_pdf/node:5890881/1) ![Loading](https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif) ## Abstract The involvement of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) remains incompletely defined. This study integrated analyses of primary tumors with an experimental model of the conjunctival epithelium. Five Nigerian tumors from patients with HIV and three Japanese tumors from patients without HIV were examined by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH), EBV DNA PCR, and virome analysis of RNA sequencing data. EBER localized to epithelial tumor cells in four Nigerian specimens and none of the Japanese specimens. EBV DNA and RNA were each detected in three Nigerian tumors, with every EBER-positive tumor supported by at least one additional assay. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized conjunctival epithelial cells infected with Akata-GFP-EBV expressed latency-associated and lytic viral genes. Comparison of three infected and three control cultures identified 96 different
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