---
title: "Euphorbia systyloides triterpenes: cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects with limited antitrypano"
id: "pubmed-42663059"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42663059"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/"
doi: "10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390"
published_at: "2026-08-28T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Euphorbia systyloides triterpenes: cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects with limited antitrypano
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42663059
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13880209.2026.2722390)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-28T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study profiled **euphane** and **tirucallane triterpenes** isolated from leaves of **Euphorbia systyloides**, a tropical African species traditionally used against tapeworms. Compounds were obtained by multistep chromatography and characterized by HRMS and 1D/2D NMR. - Twelve triterpenes were identified: six previously unknown euphane/tirucallane derivatives and six known triterpenes. Structural elucidation details were determined using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. - Biological assays tested activity against **Trypanosoma cruzi** epimastigotes (XTT assay), host cell infection and intracellular amastigote replication, and cytotoxicity against HL60 and U937 leukemia cell lines and human PBMCs (MTT assay). - None of the isolated triterpenes showed selective antiparasitic activity against **T. cruzi** in the assays used. - One isolated **ergostane** triterpene demonstrated potent cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations against HL60 and U937 cell lines, while showing moderate toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. - Kansenonol (one compound studied) unexpectedly increased amastigote replication in host cells in a cellular infection assay; the authors attribute this to **macrophage immunomodulation** and confirmed immunomodulatory effects by measuring TNF-α and IL-10 by ELISA in infected macrophages. - The research proposes the ergostane scaffold as a potential starting point for **antileukemic** drug discovery, and highlights that triterpenoids from E. systyloides primarily display cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties rather than selective antiparasitic effects. - The abstract does not report detailed quantitative data for each compound (e.g., exact IC50 values for all assays), nor full experimental parameters in the abstract text; those details were not reported in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 28. # Profiling of euphane and tirucallane triterpenes from _Euphorbia systyloides_ on antichagasic activity reveals antileukemia and immunomodulatory effects [Mohamed Abakar Maaz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maaz+MA&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Anita Barta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barta+A&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Dragana Markovic](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Markovic+D&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Simon Singer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Singer+S&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Jürg Gertsch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gertsch+J&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Róbert Berkecz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Berkecz+R&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Peter Waweru Mwangi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mwangi+PW&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-5 "School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."), [Judit Hohmann](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hohmann+J&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Andrea Vasas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vasas+A&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#full-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 2 HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 3 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. * 4 Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. * PMID: **42663059** * DOI: [ 10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390) Item in Clipboard # Profiling of euphane and tirucallane triterpenes from _Euphorbia systyloides_ on antichagasic activity reveals antileukemia and immunomodulatory effects Mohamed Abakar Maaz et al. Pharm Biol. 2026 Dec. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Pharm Biol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pharm+Biol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Pharm+Biol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/) . 2026 Dec;64(1):949-966. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390. Epub 2026 Aug 28. ### Authors [Mohamed Abakar Maaz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maaz+MA&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Anita Barta](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barta+A&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Dragana Markovic](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Markovic+D&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Simon Singer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Singer+S&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Jürg Gertsch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gertsch+J&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland."), [Róbert Berkecz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Berkecz+R&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Peter Waweru Mwangi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mwangi+PW&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-5 "School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya."), [Judit Hohmann](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hohmann+J&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary."), [Andrea Vasas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vasas+A&cauthor_id=42663059)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663059/#short-view-affiliation-2 "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.") ### Affiliations * 1 Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 2 HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 3 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. * 4 Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. * 5 School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. * PMID: **42663059** * DOI: [ 10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2026.2722390) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** _Euphorbia_ is one of the largest genera in the spurge family and is rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, especially triterpenoids and diterpenoids. _Euphorbia systyloides_ Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) is native to tropical Africa, and its leaf decoction has traditionally been used to treat tapeworm infections. Its chemistry has not been previously investigated. **Objective:** This study aimed to investigate the terpenoid constituents of _E. systyloides_ and evaluate the bioactivity of the compounds against _Trypanosoma cruzi_ and tumor cells. **Materials and methods:** Compounds were isolated by multistep chromatography and structurally elucidated using HRMS and 1D/2D NMR. Biological activity was assessed against _T. cruzi_ epimastigotes (XTT assay), and host cell infection and amastigote replication assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated in HL60, U937, and PBMCs (MTT assay). Immunomodulatory effects were assessed by ELISA measurement of TNF-α and IL-10 in infected macrophages. **Results:** Six new euphane and tirucallane triterpenes and six known triterpenes were isolated. None were selectively active against _T. cruzi_. One ergostane triterpene exhibited nanomolar cytotoxicity against HL60 and U937 cell lines, with moderate toxicity toward PBMCs. Unexpectedly, kansenonol enhanced amastigote replication in host cells, likely through macrophage immunomodulation. **Discussion and conclusions:** Our results indicate that the ergostane triterpene represents an unexplored scaffold for antileukemic drug discovery. Based on an unexpected observation in a cellular _T. cruzi_ trypomastigote infection assay, kansenonol was found to exert significant immunomodulatory effects _in vitro_. Overall, this study shows that triterpenoids from _E. systyloides_ primarily exert cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects rather than selective antiparasitic activity. **Keywords:** Euphorbia systyloides; Trypanosoma cruzi; antileukemic; immunomodulatory effect; triterpenes. 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