---
title: "High-frequency (18 MHz) Color Doppler Ultrasound Improves Preorbital Mass Diagnosis"
id: "pubmed-42671096"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671096"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/"
doi: "10.4103/IJO.IJO_730_25"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# High-frequency (18 MHz) Color Doppler Ultrasound Improves Preorbital Mass Diagnosis
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671096
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/)
- **DOI:** [10.4103/IJO.IJO_730_25](https://doi.org/10.4103%2FIJO.IJO_730_25)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- A retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic value of an **18 MHz Color Doppler ultrasound** probe (L8-18i) versus an 11 MHz probe (L3-12) for preorbital masses. - Seventeen patients (7 male, 10 female; age range 5–80 years) imaged between May 2021 and April 2024 were included. - Imaging variables compared included anteroposterior diameter, internal echo characteristics, and blood flow parameters for each lesion, with postoperative pathology as the reference. - Location of lesions varied: upper eyelid (4), lower eyelid (10), inner canthus (1), brow (1), and conjunctiva (1). - No significant difference between probes for anteroposterior diameter (P = 0.320) or internal echo features (P = 0.891). - Blood flow signal detection differed significantly between probes (P = 0.014), favoring the **18 MHz** probe. - The L8-18i probe detected significant differences in peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity between **benign** and **malignant** masses (P = 0.048); the L3-12 probe did not. - Pathology comprised benign entities (chronic inflammation, nevi, cysts, hemangiomas) and malignant tumors (sebaceous gland carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma). - Authors conclude the **high-frequency CDU** probe provided superior visualization of mass structure and vascularity, improving differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and aligning more closely with pathology. - The study is limited by small sample size and retrospective design; specific sensitivity and specificity values were not reported in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 31. # Value of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound for preorbital mass diagnosis [Nan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+N&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Visual Function Examination, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China."), [Jinyong Lin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lin+J&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pathology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China."), [Rui Hao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hao+R&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Visual Function Examination, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * 2 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * 3 Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * PMID: **42671096** * DOI: [ 10.4103/IJO.IJO_730_25 ](https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_730_25) Item in Clipboard # Value of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound for preorbital mass diagnosis Nan Zhang et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Indian J Ophthalmol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Indian+J+Ophthalmol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Indian+J+Ophthalmol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/) . 2026 Sep 1;74(9):1302-1308. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_730_25. Epub 2026 Aug 31. ### Authors [Nan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+N&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Visual Function Examination, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China."), [Jinyong Lin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lin+J&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pathology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China."), [Rui Hao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hao+R&cauthor_id=42671096)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671096/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Visual Function Examination, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * 2 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * 3 Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. * PMID: **42671096** * DOI: [ 10.4103/IJO.IJO_730_25 ](https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_730_25) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Purpose:** To assess the diagnostic efficacy of the 18 MHz Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) probe (L8-18i) in distinguishing benign and malignant preorbital masses and compare its performance with the 11 MHz probe (L3-12). **Methods:** A retrospective study analyzed ultrasound data from 17 patients (7 male, 10 female; age 5-80 years) with preorbital masses between May 2021 and April 2024. Patients underwent imaging with both probes, assessing mass size, internal echo characteristics, and blood flow parameters. Results were compared with postoperative pathology using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. **Results:** Mass locations included the upper eyelid (4), lower eyelid (10), inner canthus (1), brow (1), and conjunctiva (1). Anteroposterior diameters measured by both probes showed no significant difference ( P = 0.320), nor did internal echo characteristics ( P = 0.891). However, blood flow signals differed significantly ( P = 0.014). Pathology revealed benign lesions (chronic inflammation, nevi, cysts, hemangiomas) and malignant tumors (sebaceous gland carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma). The L8-18i probe detected significant differences in peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities between benign and malignant masses ( P = 0.048), while the L3-12 probe did not. **Conclusions:** The 18 MHz CDU probe demonstrated superior visualization of mass structure and blood flow, improving differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. It enhanced clarity in detecting hemorrhage, necrosis, and septation, offering higher sensitivity and accuracy than the 11 MHz probe, aligning more closely with pathological findings. **Keywords:** Color Doppler ultrasound; diagnosis; high-frequency; preorbital masses; retrospective analysis. Copyright © 2026 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid renal tumors by high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39407335/) Wu H, Shi J, Gao L, Wang J, Yuan W, Zhang W, Liu Z, Mao Y.Wu H, et al.Cancer Imaging. 2024 Oct 15;24(1):139. doi: 10.1186/s40644-024-00788-3.Cancer Imaging. 2024.PMID: 39407335Free PMC article. * [ [Incidence and characteristics of benign liver space-occupying mass in 17 721 patients with chronic hepatitis B: a color Doppler ultrasound-based case-control study]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801719/) Ren Y, Yuan G, Zhou Y, Hu C, Liu J, Anwar MI, Tang C, Li Y, Yu W, Zhou Y, Dai LL.Ren Y, et al.Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2019 Oct 30;39(10):1149-1154. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.10.03.Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2019.PMID: 31801719Free PMC article.Chinese. * [ Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for differentiating benign from malignant solid small renal masses: comparison with contrast-enhanced CT. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28331942/) Wei SP, Xu CL, Zhang Q, Zhang QR, Zhao YE, Huang PF, Xie YD, Zhou CS, Tian FL, Yang B.Wei SP, et al.Abdom Radiol (NY). 2017 Aug;42(8):2135-2145. doi: 10.1007/s00261-017-1111-x.Abdom Radiol (NY). 2017.PMID: 28331942 * [ Flow characteristics in benign and malignant gynecologic tumors using transvaginal color flow Doppler. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8272293/) Carter J, Saltzman A, Hartenbach E, Fowler J, Carson L, Twiggs LB.Carter J, et al.Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Jan;83(1):125-30.Obstet Gynecol. 1994.PMID: 8272293Review. * [ Risk of malignancy in unilocular cysts: a study of 1148 adnexal masses classified as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound and review of the literature. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23001924/) Valentin L, Ameye L, Franchi D, Guerriero S, Jurkovic D, Savelli L, Fischerova D, Lissoni A, Van Holsbeke C, Fruscio R, Van Huffel S, Testa A, Timmerman D.Valentin L, et al.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;41(1):80-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.12308. Epub 2012 Dec 17.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013.PMID: 23001924Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42671096) ## References 1. 1. Pan Y, Tang D, Zhai W, Chen F. Clinical analysis for 231 cases of pre-orbital diseases. Chin J Ocular Trauma Occupation Eye Dis 2010;32:739-41. 2. 1. Reinshagen KL, Massoud TF, Cunnane MB. Anatomy of the orbit. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2022;32:699-711. 3. 1. Biswas A, Wong OY, Aygun B, Gore S, Mankad K. Extraocular orbital and peri-orbital masses. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023;33:643-59. 4. 1. Pushker N, Meel R, Kumar A, Kashyap S, Sen S, Bajaj MS. Orbital and periorbital dermoid/epidermoid cyst: A series of 280 cases and a brief review. Can J Ophthalmol 2020;55:167-71. 5. 1. Levinkron O, Schwalb L, Shoufani A, Gutovitz J, Krausz J, Briscoe D. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of benign and malignant eyelid lesions: An analysis of 1423 eyelid lesions, compared between ophthalmology department and plastics department. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024;262:615-21. 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