---
title: "Immigrant background and disparities in initiating first-line cancer treatment and survival in Den"
id: "pubmed-42755707"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42755707"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/"
doi: "10.2340/1651-226X.2026.46256"
published_at: "2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Immigrant background and disparities in initiating first-line cancer treatment and survival in Den
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42755707
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/)
- **DOI:** [10.2340/1651-226X.2026.46256](https://doi.org/10.2340%2F1651-226X.2026.46256)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This Danish register-based cohort study assessed whether patients with an **immigrant background** differ from patients of Danish origin in starting **standard first-line cancer treatment** and in survival. - Included were patients aged ≥50 years with a first primary diagnosis of **colon, lung, prostate, or kidney cancer** between 2011 and 2022, identified from national clinical cancer databases. - The investigators evaluated initiation of first-line treatment within **30 and 90 days** and survival at **1 and 5 years**, reporting results as risk ratios (RRs) comparing immigrant-background groups with Danish-origin patients. - Immigrant backgrounds were grouped by region of origin: (1) **other Western countries**, (2) **Central and Eastern Europe**, and (3) **Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia**. - Overall, there were no consistent or systematic differences across cancer types between patients with an immigrant background and patients of Danish origin for treatment initiation or survival. - Specific statistically significant exceptions were observed: lung cancer patients from **Central and Eastern Europe** had lower probability of initiating treatment at 30 days (30-day RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62–0.93) and at 90 days (90-day RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98), and lower 1-year mortality risk (1-year RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.93). - Patients from the **Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia** showed lower 30-day treatment initiation for unspecified cancer groups (30-day RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64–1.00). - **Prostate cancer** patients from **other Western countries** had a higher 5-year risk of death (5-year RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.34). - The authors interpret the results as overall similarity in treatment initiation and survival between immigrant-background and Danish-origin patients, with some statistically significant differences but no consistent pattern by cancer type or origin region. - The abstract does not report additional methodological details such as sample sizes per group, adjustment variables, staging distributions, or other potential confounders; these details were not reported in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. emnl@regionsjaelland.dk."), [Maria Kristiansen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kristiansen+M&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Ismail Gögenur](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%B6genur+I&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark."), [Erik Jakobsen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jakobsen+E&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Lars Lund](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lund+L&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Fie Stegenborg](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Stegenborg+F&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Susanne Rosthøj](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rosth%C3%B8j+S&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Mia K Grand](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Grand+MK&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Pernille Bidstrup](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bidstrup+P&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Morten Sodemann](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sodemann+M&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Susanne O Dalton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dalton+SO&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#full-view-affiliation-10 "Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. emnl@regionsjaelland.dk. * 2 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 3 Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. * 4 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 5 Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 6 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 7 Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 8 Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 9 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 10 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * PMID: **42755707** * DOI: [ 10.2340/1651-226X.2026.46256 ](https://doi.org/10.2340/1651-226x.2026.46256) Item in Clipboard # Disparities in initiating standard first-line cancer treatment and survival for patients with an immigrant background: a Danish register-based cohort study Emma N Ishøy et al. Acta Oncol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Acta Oncol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acta+Oncol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Acta+Oncol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/) . 2026 Sep 18:65:766-775. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2026.46256. ### Authors [Emma N Ishøy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ish%C3%B8y+EN&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. emnl@regionsjaelland.dk."), [Maria Kristiansen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kristiansen+M&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Ismail Gögenur](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=G%C3%B6genur+I&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark."), [Erik Jakobsen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jakobsen+E&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Lars Lund](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lund+L&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Fie Stegenborg](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Stegenborg+F&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Susanne Rosthøj](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rosth%C3%B8j+S&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Mia K Grand](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Grand+MK&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Pernille Bidstrup](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bidstrup+P&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark."), [Morten Sodemann](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sodemann+M&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."), [Susanne O Dalton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dalton+SO&cauthor_id=42755707)[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42755707/#short-view-affiliation-10 "Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.") ### Affiliations * 1 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. emnl@regionsjaelland.dk. * 2 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 3 Center for Surgical Science, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. * 4 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 5 Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 6 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 7 Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 8 Psychological Aspects of Cancer, Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. * 9 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. * 10 Cancer Survivorship, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Research Center for Equality in Cancer, Zealand University Hospital, Næstved, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. * PMID: **42755707** * DOI: [ 10.2340/1651-226X.2026.46256 ](https://doi.org/10.2340/1651-226x.2026.46256) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background and purpose:** Individuals with an immigrant background may face barriers to healthcare. However, evidence on differences in cancer treatment and survival between patients with an immigrant background and patients of Danish origin is limited. **Patients and methods:** We included patients aged ≥50 years diagnosed with a first primary colon, lung, prostate, or kidney cancer between 2011 and 2022 from national clinical cancer databases. First-line treatment initiation (30/90 days) and survival (1/5 years) were assessed using risk ratios (RRs) comparing patients with an immigrant background to those of Danish origin. Immigrant backgrounds were categorized according to their origin in (1) other Western countries, (2) Central and Eastern Europe, and (3) the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. **Results:** Overall, there were no systematic differences in the initiation of first-line treatment or survival between patients with an immigrant background and patients of Danish origin. Exceptions included lower probability of initiating treatment (30-day RR: 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62; 0.93] and 90-day RR: 0.92 [95% CI: 0.87; 0.98]) and 1-year risk of death (RR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.77; 0.93]) among lung cancer patients from Central and Eastern Europe, lower 30-day treatment initiation among patients from the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia (RR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.64; 1.00]), and higher 5-year risk of death among prostate cancer patients from other Western countries (RR: 1.16 [95% CI: 1.01; 1.34]). **Interpretation:** Overall, patients with an immigrant background had similar initiation of first-line cancer treatment and survival to those of Danish origin, with some statistically significant differences but no consistent pattern across cancer types or regions of origin. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Ethnic disparity in the use of ART treatment: a national register-based cross-sectional study among women in Denmark. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114839/) Petersen AA, Østergaard SS, Kyhl FN, Passet-Wittig J, Milewski N, Schmidt L, Vassard D.Petersen AA, et al.Hum Reprod. 2026 Jul 1;41(7):1131-1139. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deag077.Hum Reprod. 2026.PMID: 42114839 * [ Survival outcomes and healthcare utilization between immigrant patients and Danish-born patients with hematological cancers: a Danish population-based study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38963616/) Baech J, Jakobsen LH, Simonsen MR, Severinsen MT, Frederiksen H, Niemann CU, Brown P, Jørgensen JM, Dann EJ, Johnsen SP, El-Galaly TC.Baech J, et al.Eur J Epidemiol. 2024 Aug;39(8):881-892. doi: 10.1007/s10654-024-01139-z. Epub 2024 Jul 4.Eur J Epidemiol. 2024.PMID: 38963616Free PMC article. * [ Coronary heart disease incidence among non-Western immigrants compared to Danish-born people: effect of country of birth, migrant status, and income. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25261269/) Bo A, Zinckernagel L, Krasnik A, Petersen JH, Norredam M.Bo A, et al.Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 Oct;22(10):1281-9. doi: 10.1177/2047487314551538. Epub 2014 Sep 26.Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015.PMID: 25261269 * [ Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33316104/) Ferrara R, Imbimbo M, Malouf R, Paget-Bailly S, Calais F, Marchal C, Westeel V.Ferrara R, et al.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 202
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