---
title: "Inhaled paclitaxel nanoagglomerate delivery for lung cancer: biodistribution and efficacy in biore"
id: "pubmed-42476273"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42476273"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Inhaled paclitaxel nanoagglomerate delivery for lung cancer: biodistribution and efficacy in biore
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42476273
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127213)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Integrating pulmonary drug delivery with nanotechnology, the study tested an inhalable **paclitaxel (PTX)** nanoagglomerate powder (PTX-NADP) as a strategy to improve lung cancer chemotherapy. - Researchers developed an in vitro air-liquid interface (**ALI**) lung cancer organoid (**LCO**) culture model intended for biorelevant screening of inhalable anticancer formulations. - Aerosolized **PTX-NADP** produced dose-dependent antitumor effects and outperformed raw PTX powder in ALI FA34-O LCO cultures, indicating superior in vitro efficacy for the inhalable nanoagglomerate formulation. - In vivo, intratracheal (IT) instillation of PTX nanosuspensions reconstituted from PTX-NADP increased pulmonary PTX concentrations and reduced off-target tissue distribution compared with intravenous (IV) injection. - In an orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, IT administration of reconstituted PTX nanosuspensions was well tolerated and achieved numerically similar tumor growth suppression (approximately **67%**) relative to IV injection despite lower cumulative doses. - Combining IT and IV treatments led to a higher proportion of mice with reduced tumor burden, suggesting potential for therapeutic intensification by pairing inhaled and systemic chemotherapy. - The findings support the therapeutic promise of **inhaled nanoparticle-based chemotherapy** via PTX-NADP and endorse the ALI LCO platform as a novel new approach methodology (NAM) for biorelevant preclinical screening of inhalable chemotherapy formulations. - The paper declares no competing financial interests or personal relationships; further methodological details, specific quantitative biodistribution values, and exact group sizes were not reported in the abstract and would require consulting the full text for confirmation.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jul 20. # Nanoagglomerate-enabled inhaled paclitaxel nanoparticle delivery for lung cancer chemotherapy: Proof-of-concept biodistribution and efficacy studies in biorelevant in vitro and in vivo models [Ho Wan Chan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chan+HW&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China."), [Xinyue Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Jinghan Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+J&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China."), [Stephanie Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+S&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Hoi Hin Kwok](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kwok+HH&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [David Chi Leung Lam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lam+DCL&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Jenny K W Lam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lam+JKW&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom."), [Shing Fung Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+SF&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: asfchow@hku.hk.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. * 2 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. * 3 Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. * 4 Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. * 5 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom. * 6 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: asfchow@hku.hk. * PMID: **42476273** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213) Free article Item in Clipboard # Nanoagglomerate-enabled inhaled paclitaxel nanoparticle delivery for lung cancer chemotherapy: Proof-of-concept biodistribution and efficacy studies in biorelevant in vitro and in vivo models Ho Wan Chan et al. Int J Pharm. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/) . 2026 Sep 5:702:127213. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213. Epub 2026 Jul 20. ### Authors [Ho Wan Chan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chan+HW&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China."), [Xinyue Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Jinghan Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+J&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China."), [Stephanie Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+S&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Hoi Hin Kwok](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kwok+HH&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [David Chi Leung Lam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lam+DCL&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China."), [Jenny K W Lam](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lam+JKW&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom."), [Shing Fung Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+SF&cauthor_id=42476273)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42476273/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: asfchow@hku.hk.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. * 2 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. * 3 Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. * 4 Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. * 5 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom. * 6 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: asfchow@hku.hk. * PMID: **42476273** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127213) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Integrating pulmonary drug delivery and nanotechnology presents a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy and safety profile of lung cancer chemotherapy. This study aimed to (1) develop an in vitro air-liquid interface (ALI) lung cancer organoid (LCO) culture model for biorelevant antitumor efficacy screening of inhalable chemotherapy formulations and (2) evaluate the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel nanoagglomerate powder (PTX-NADP)-enabled inhaled PTX nanoparticle delivery in lung cancer. Aerosolized PTX-NADP exhibited dose-dependent efficacy and outperformed raw PTX powder in in vitro ALI FA34-O LCO cultures. Intratracheal (IT) instillation of PTX nanosuspensions reconstituted from PTX-NADP resulted in enhanced pulmonary PTX concentrations and reduced off-target tissue distribution compared to intravenous (IV) injection in vivo. In an orthotopic lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, administration of reconstituted PTX nanosuspensions via IT instillation was well tolerated and achieved numerically similar tumor growth suppression (∼67%) relative to IV injection at lower cumulative doses. Notably, a higher proportion of mice receiving combined IT and IV treatment exhibited reduced tumor burden, suggesting that combining inhaled with systemic chemotherapy could facilitate therapeutic intensification. These findings support the therapeutic potential of PTX-NADP-enabled inhaled PTX nanoparticle delivery for lung cancer treatment and offer new insights into the development of inhaled nanoparticle-based chemotherapy as a convenient treatment option to improve lung cancer outcomes. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the promise of the in vitro ALI LCO culture model, which recapitulates key features of lung tumors in vivo, as a novel new approach methodology (NAM) platform for biorelevant screening of inhalable chemotherapy formulations. **Keywords:** Lung cancer; Nanoagglomerate powder; Orthotopic lung cancer model; Paclitaxel; Patient-derived organoids; Pulmonary drug delivery. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Inhalable paclitaxel nanoagglomerate dry powders for lung cancer chemotherapy: Design of experiments-guided development, characterization and in vitro evaluation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38342326/) Chan HW, Zhang X, Chow S, Lam DCL, Chow SF.Chan HW, et al.Int J Pharm. 2024 Mar 25;653:123877. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123877. Epub 2024 Feb 10.Int J Pharm. 2024.PMID: 38342326 * [ Matrix metalloproteinase 2/9-triggered-release micelles for inhaled drug delivery to treat lung cancer: preparation and in vitro/in vivo studies. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30147314/) Wang X, Chen Q, Zhang X, Ren X, Zhang X, Meng L, Liang H, Sha X, Fang X.Wang X, et al.Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Aug 13;13:4641-4659. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S166584. eCollection 2018.Int J Nanomedicine. 2018.PMID: 30147314Free PMC article. * [ Pulmonary Delivery of Reactive Oxygen Species/Glutathione-Responsive Paclitaxel Dimeric Nanoparticles Improved Therapeutic Indices against Metastatic Lung Cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34806372/) Tian X, Bera H, Guo X, Xu R, Sun J, He Z, Cun D, Yang M.Tian X, et al.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Dec 8;13(48):56858-56872. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c16351. Epub 2021 Nov 20.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021.PMID: 34806372 * [ PEGylation of paclitaxel largely improves its safety and anti-tumor efficacy following pulmonary delivery in a mouse model of lung carcinoma. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27515664/) Luo T, Loira-Pastoriza C, Patil HP, Ucakar B, Muccioli GG, Bosquillon C, Vanbever R.Luo T, et al.J Control Release. 2016 Oct 10;239:62-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Aug 8.J Control Release. 2016.PMID: 2751566
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