---
title: "Ionic Liquid–Integrated Hydrogel for Injectable, Self-Healing Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Prote"
id: "pubmed-42504456"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42504456"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/"
doi: "10.1021/acsabm.6c00478"
published_at: "2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Ionic Liquid–Integrated Hydrogel for Injectable, Self-Healing Co-Delivery of Doxorubicin and Prote
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42504456
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/)
- **DOI:** [10.1021/acsabm.6c00478](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsabm.6c00478)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-17T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study reports a **stimuli-responsive interpenetrating polymer hydrogel** integrating a biocompatible ionic liquid, choline-lineolate ([Cho][Lin]), into a sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to enable localized co-delivery of a chemotherapeutic drug and a protein for breast cancer therapy. - The hydrogel was designed to address challenges in co-delivery such as poor drug solubility, protein instability, and inefficient carrier systems. - Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) indicated aggregation behavior of the ionic liquid and supported solubility and stability of the encapsulated drug and protein within the gel network. - Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) demonstrated noncovalent interactions between the ionic liquid and polymers and showed that the **protein structural integrity** was preserved. - Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed a porous three-dimensional network with elongated fibers. - Rheological testing showed mechanical stability with a critical strain (γc) of 100% strain, viscoelasticity, and shear-thinning behavior consistent with injectability. - The hydrogel exhibited **self-healing**, injectability, and strong adhesion properties as reported by the authors. - In vitro biocompatibility on HaCaT (human keratinocyte) cells showed >92% viability after 48 hours, indicating low cytotoxicity of the carrier. - pH-responsive release was observed: under acidic conditions release was substantially higher (approximately 89% release of doxorubicin and 80% release of zein) than at neutral pH, supporting tumor-targeted release potential. - In vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells for the drug-loaded hydrogel produced an IC50 of approximately 2 μM, demonstrating cytotoxic efficacy in cell culture. - The authors conclude that ionic liquid-based hydrogels offer a versatile platform for targeted, localized co-delivery of therapeutic agents in breast cancer therapy. - Keywords include breast cancer, co-delivery, hydrogel, ionic liquids, polymer, protein and drug delivery.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia."), [Clare Hoskins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hoskins+C&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K."), [Suresh Kumar Kailasa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kailasa+SK&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India."), [Naved I Malek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Malek+NI&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India. * 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia. * 3 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K. * PMID: **42504456** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acsabm.6c00478 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.6c00478) Item in Clipboard # Ionic Liquid-Integrated Interpenetrating Polymer Hydrogel for Injectable, Self-Healing, and Stimuli-Responsive Co-Delivery of Protein and Chemotherapeutic Agents in Breast Cancer Therapy Raviraj Pansuriya et al. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ACS Appl Bio Mater Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22ACS+Appl+Bio+Mater%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22ACS+Appl+Bio+Mater%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/) . 2026 Aug 17;9(16):7428-7440. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.6c00478. ### Authors [Raviraj Pansuriya](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pansuriya+R&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India."), [Nildhara Parsana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Parsana+N&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India."), [Chirag Chavda](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chavda+C&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India."), [Mohammed A Assiri](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Assiri+MA&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia."), [Clare Hoskins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hoskins+C&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K."), [Suresh Kumar Kailasa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kailasa+SK&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India."), [Naved I Malek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Malek+NI&cauthor_id=42504456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India.") ### Affiliations * 1 Ionic Liquids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat395007, India. * 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia. * 3 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K. * PMID: **42504456** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acsabm.6c00478 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.6c00478) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Due to poor drug solubility, protein instability, and inefficient carrier systems, the co-delivery of chemotherapeutics and proteins remains a critical challenge in cancer therapy. To address these limitations, we developed a stimuli-responsive, multifunctional polymeric hydrogel by incorporating biocompatible choline-lineolate ([Cho][Lin]) ionic liquid into a sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix for enhanced co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and zein in localized breast cancer treatment. Small-angle neutron scattering suggested the aggregation behavior of [Cho][Lin] and confirmed the solubility and stability of the drug and protein within the hydrogel. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism demonstrated noncovalent interactions between the ionic liquid and polymers, alongside preserved protein structural integrity. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a well-defined, porous three-dimensional network with elongated fibers, while rheological analysis confirmed mechanical stability (γc = 100% strain), viscoelasticity, and shear-thinning behavior. The hydrogel exhibited self-healing, injectability, and strong adhesion, with in vitro biocompatibility assays on HaCaT cells showing >92% viability after 48 h. Drug and protein release studies demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, with significantly higher release under acidic conditions (89% DOX, 80% zein) than neutral pH. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 breast cancer cells revealed an IC50 of ∼2 μM for the drug-loaded hydrogel. These results highlight the potential of ionic liquid-based hydrogels as a versatile and practical platform for the co-delivery of therapeutic agents, offering a targeted and efficient strategy for localized breast cancer therapy. **Keywords:** breast cancer; co-delivery; hydrogel; ionic liquids; polymer; protein and drug delivery. © 2026 American Chemical Society. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## MeSH terms * Alginates / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Alginates%2Fchemistry%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Alginates) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/) * Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antineoplastic+Agents) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42504456/) * Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antineoplastic+Agents%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antineoplastic+Agents) * [ Add to Search 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