---
title: "KK-LC-1 Positivity Correlates with High-grade Pathology and Worse RFS in Lung Adenocarcinoma"
id: "pubmed-42674724"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42674724"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/"
doi: "10.21873/anticanres.18353"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# KK-LC-1 Positivity Correlates with High-grade Pathology and Worse RFS in Lung Adenocarcinoma
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42674724
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/)
- **DOI:** [10.21873/anticanres.18353](https://doi.org/10.21873%2Fanticanres.18353)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This retrospective study evaluated immunohistochemical detection of **Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1)** in 110 resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens to assess associations with pathology and outcomes. - The study used the original monoclonal antibody Kmab34B3 to detect KK-LC-1; further technical validation details were not reported in the source abstract. - KK-LC-1 was positive in 39 of 110 patients (35%). KK-LC-1 positivity was significantly associated with larger invasive tumor size, higher pathological stage, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis—features of **pathological high-grade tumors**. - Five-year overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between KK-LC-1–positive and –negative groups (79.8% vs. 94.0%, p = 0.07), but recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly worse in KK-LC-1–positive patients (5-year RFS 67.7% vs. 85.5%, p = 0.020). - Multivariate Cox regression did not identify KK-LC-1 positivity as an independent predictor of RFS (hazard ratio 1.230, p = 0.63) according to the abstract. - EGFR mutation status was available for 89 patients; 45 (50.5%) had EGFR mutations. In the EGFR-mutant subgroup, KK-LC-1 positivity associated with significantly poorer OS (5-year OS 77.0% vs. 100%, p = 0.026) and a trend toward worse RFS (66.6% vs. 88.4%, p = 0.055). - The authors conclude KK-LC-1 positivity is linked to pathological high-grade features and worse RFS, and suggest KK-LC-1 may be a **prognostic biomarker** and could identify candidates for **T-cell receptor (TCR)–engineered** therapy. Specifics about patient selection, follow-up duration, and additional covariates in multivariate models were not detailed in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. * 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan. * 3 Department of Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan; fukuyam@insti.kitasato-u.ac.jp. * 4 Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan. * 5 Department of Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan. * 6 Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. * 7 Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan. * PMID: **42674724** * DOI: [ 10.21873/anticanres.18353 ](https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18353) Item in Clipboard # Association Between Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 Positivity and Pathological High-grade Lung Adenocarcinoma Yasuto Kondo et al. Anticancer Res. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Anticancer Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anticancer+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Anticancer+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) . 2026 Sep;46(9):5045-5054. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.18353. ### Authors [Yasuto Kondo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kondo+Y&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan."), [Takashi Fukuyama](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fukuyama+T&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan; fukuyam@insti.kitasato-u.ac.jp.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan."), [Dai Sonoda](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sonoda+D&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan."), [Satoru Tamagawa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tamagawa+S&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan."), [Yukiko Matsuo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Matsuo+Y&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan."), [Toshihide Matsumoto](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Matsumoto+T&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan."), [Masaaki Ichinoe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ichinoe+M&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan."), [Shinya Okada](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Okada+S&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan."), [Yukitoshi Satoh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Satoh+Y&cauthor_id=42674724)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. * 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan. * 3 Department of Microbial Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan; fukuyam@insti.kitasato-u.ac.jp. * 4 Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan. * 5 Department of Pathology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan. * 6 Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan. * 7 Department of Pathology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Japan. * PMID: **42674724** * DOI: [ 10.21873/anticanres.18353 ](https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.18353) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background/aim:** Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) is a cancer-testis antigen that represents a promising target for treatment with T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-engineered T cells. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical detection of KK-LC-1 in resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens. **Patients and methods:** We reviewed the medical records of 110 patients who underwent curative resection for lung adenocarcinoma. The original monoclonal antibody against KK-LC-1, Kmab34B3, was evaluated in this study. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared based on KK-LC-1 positivity and epidermal growth factor receptor (_EGFR_) mutation. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. **Results:** Thirty-nine patients (35%) were positive for KK-LC-1. KK-LC-1 positivity was significantly associated with larger invasive tumor size, advanced pathological stage, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis. No significant difference in OS was observed between KK-LC-1-positive and -negative patients (5-year OS: 79.8% _vs_. 94.0%, _p_ =0.07). However, KK-LC-1-positive patients had significantly poorer RFS than KK-LC-1-negative patients (5-year RFS: 67.7% _vs_. 85.5%, _p_ =0.020). In multivariate analysis, KK-LC-1 positivity was not an independent predictor of RFS (hazard ratio=1.230, _p_ =0.63). _EGFR_ mutation analysis was available for 89 patients, of whom 45 (50.5%) harbored _EGFR_ mutations. In the _EGFR_ mutation-positive subgroup, KK-LC-1-positive patients had significantly poorer OS than KK-LC-1-negative patients (5-year OS: 77.0% _vs_. 100%, _p_ =0.026). RFS also tended to be poorer in KK-LC-1-positive patients, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (5-year RFS: 66.6% _vs_. 88.4%, _p_ =0.055). **Conclusion:** KK-LC-1 positivity was significantly associated with pathological high-grade tumors and poor RFS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, KK-LC-1 may serve as a prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma, and KK-LC-1-positive patients may be suitable candidates for TCR reconstitution therapy. **Keywords:** KK-LC-1; T-cell receptor therapy; immunohistochemistry; lung adenocarcinoma; prognostic biomarker. Copyright © 2026 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## MeSH terms * Adenocarcinoma of Lung Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenocarcinoma+of+Lung%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adenocarcinoma+of+Lung) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Adenocarcinoma* / genetics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenocarcinoma%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adenocarcinoma) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Adenocarcinoma* / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenocarcinoma%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adenocarcinoma) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Adenocarcinoma* / pathology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenocarcinoma%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adenocarcinoma) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Adenocarcinoma* / surgery Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adenocarcinoma%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adenocarcinoma) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Aged, 80 and over Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged%2C+80+and+over) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Antigens, Neoplasm* / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Antigens%2C+Neoplasm%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Antigens%2C+Neoplasm) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * Biomarkers, Tumor* / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biomarkers%2C+Tumor%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biomarkers%2C+Tumor) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674724/) * ErbB Receptors / genetics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22ErbB+Receptors%2Fgenetics%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search
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