---
title: "Precision trial design for FGFR2‑rearranged cholangiocarcinoma: lessons from FIGHT-302"
id: "nature-reviews-clinical-oncology-0-precision-oncology-needs-precision-trial-design-lessons-from-fgfr2-rearranged"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-reviews-clinical-oncology-0-precision-oncology-needs-precision-trial-design-lessons-from-fgfr2-rearranged"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"
source_url: "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3"
published_at: "2026-08-12T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Feed"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Precision trial design for FGFR2‑rearranged cholangiocarcinoma: lessons from FIGHT-302
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
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- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-12T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Feed
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The phase III **FIGHT-302** trial found that the **FGFR** inhibitor **pemigatinib** improved progression‑free survival and response rates compared with first‑line chemotherapy in patients with advanced **FGFR2**‑rearranged cholangiocarcinoma, according to cited trial results. - Despite positive comparative efficacy, FIGHT-302 accrued slowly and was closed early after chemoimmunotherapy became the new standard of care for advanced biliary tract cancer. - Two other similar phase III trials (including PROOF 301 of **infigratinib**) were also terminated early, illustrating a pattern of disruption for randomized trials in rare, biomarker‑defined populations. - The authors argue these experiences highlight the limits of traditional randomized trial designs for rare molecular subtypes and the need for **innovative trial designs** and **flexible regulatory frameworks** to evaluate targeted therapies efficiently. - The article references additional work on mechanisms of acquired resistance to FGFR inhibitors in cholangiocarcinoma, and reports of early‑phase combination studies (gemcitabine/cisplatin with ivosidenib or pemigatinib) with phase I results available. - A figure in the article summarizes challenges and potential solutions for trials in rare molecular tumour subtypes, signalling emphasis on operational, statistical and regulatory adaptations to enable precision oncology. - Author affiliations: Fen Saj (MD Anderson Cancer Center) and Lipika Goyal (Stanford Cancer Center); competing‑interest disclosures note multiple industry relationships for L.G. and none declared for F.S. - The article presents these trial experiences as a call to retool trial methodology and regulatory approaches to match the realities of treating rare, biomarker‑defined cancers such as **FGFR2**‑rearranged cholangiocarcinoma.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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[news & views](https://www.nature.com/nrclinonc/articles?type=news-and-views) 4. article * News & Views * Published: 12 August 2026 Targeted therapy # Precision oncology needs precision trial design: lessons from _FGFR2_ -rearranged cholangiocarcinoma * [Fen Saj](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3#auth-Fen-Saj-Aff1) [ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-1789](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-1789)[1](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3#Aff1) & * [Lipika Goyal](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3#auth-Lipika-Goyal-Aff2) [ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9777-6221](https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9777-6221)[2](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3#Aff2) [_Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology_](https://www.nature.com/nrclinonc) (2026) [Cite this article](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3#citeas) [ Save article ](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-026-01194-3/save-research?_csrf=Ak79gjDQ4V1JzzYc1OS6raXh3t18vy9g) [ View saved research ](https://www.nature.com/saved-research) The phase III FIGHT-302 trial demonstrated that the FGFR inhibitor pemigatinib improves progression-free survival and response rates versus first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced-stage _FGFR2_ -rearranged cholangiocarcinoma. However, the trial accrued slowly and closed early after chemoimmunotherapy became the new standard of care. FIGHT-302, alongside two similarly terminated trials, highlights the need for innovative trial designs and flexible regulatory frameworks to evaluate therapies in rare, biomarker-defined populations. 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Fen Saj [View author publications](https://www.nature.com/search?author=Fen%20Saj) Search author on:[PubMed](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=search&term=Fen%20Saj)[Google Scholar](https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=%22Fen%20Saj%22&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en) 2. 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