---
title: "Residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in South Korea: Inverse-distanc"
id: "pubmed-42480832"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42480832"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/"
doi: "10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296"
published_at: "2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in South Korea: Inverse-distanc
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42480832
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2026.125296)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This nationwide ecological study evaluated the association between residential proximity to **nuclear power plants** and **cancer incidence** across 123 administrative districts in South Korea from 1999 to 2018. - Proximity was quantified using an **inverse-distance-weighted** index that combined contributions from multiple operating reactor units and applied moving-average windows to address potential latency. - Outcome measures were district-level age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) for total and site-specific cancers, log-transformed for analysis. - Statistical models used Gaussian generalized estimating equations (GEE) with an identity link; models adjusted for environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic covariates. - Overall, nuclear plant proximity was positively associated with total cancer incidence in both males and females. - In males, positive associations were reported for total cancer and **liver cancer** across all latency/moving-average windows; **lung cancer** associations were positive for most windows except the 25-year window. - In females, positive associations across all moving-average windows were observed for total cancer, **colorectal cancer**, and **thyroid cancer**. - The authors conclude these ecological findings support further population-based research to clarify long-term associations between residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence. - The abstract does not report effect sizes, confidence intervals, or numerical model coefficients; full-text details were not included in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jul 21. # Inverse-distance-weighted residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in South Korea: A nationwide ecological study [Ji Soo Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+JS&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."), [Petros Koutrakis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koutrakis+P&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."), [Woojoo Lee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lee+W&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."), [Kiyoung Lee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lee+K&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: cleanair@snu.ac.kr.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. * 2 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. * 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. * 4 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: cleanair@snu.ac.kr. * PMID: **42480832** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296) Item in Clipboard # Inverse-distance-weighted residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in South Korea: A nationwide ecological study Ji Soo Kim et al. Environ Res. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Environ Res Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Environ+Res%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Environ+Res%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/) . 2026 Sep 15;306(Pt 3):125296. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296. Epub 2026 Jul 21. ### Authors [Ji Soo Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+JS&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."), [Petros Koutrakis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koutrakis+P&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA."), [Woojoo Lee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lee+W&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."), [Kiyoung Lee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lee+K&cauthor_id=42480832)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480832/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: cleanair@snu.ac.kr.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. * 2 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. * 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. * 4 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: cleanair@snu.ac.kr. * PMID: **42480832** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.125296) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Residential proximity to nuclear power plants has been a continuing public health concern, yet epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent. This ecological study evaluated the association between residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence across 123 administrative districts in South Korea from 1999 to 2018. Proximity was estimated using an inverse-distance-weighted index incorporating contributions from multiple operating reactor units, with moving-averages applied to account for latency. Gaussian generalized estimating equation regression models with an identity link were fitted using log-transformed district-level age-standardized incidence rates as the outcome, adjusting for environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic covariates. Nuclear power plant proximity was positively associated with total cancer incidence in both males and females. In males, associations with total cancer and liver cancer were observed across all moving-average windows, and lung cancer showed positive associations except in the 25-year window. In females, total cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer showed positive associations across all moving-average windows. These findings provide a basis for further population-based research to clarify the long-term association between residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence. **Keywords:** Cancer incidence; Ecological study; Nuclear power plants; South Korea. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Residential proximity to nuclear power plants and cancer incidence in Massachusetts, USA (2000-2018). ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41408632/) Alwadi Y, Evans JS, Schwartz J, Vieira CLZ, Christiani DC, Coull BA, Koutrakis P.Alwadi Y, et al.Environ Health. 2025 Dec 18;24(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12940-025-01248-6.Environ Health. 2025.PMID: 41408632Free PMC article. * [ Reanalysis of Epidemiological Investigation of Cancer Risk among People Residing near Nuclear Power Plants in South Korea. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29522487/) Kim JM, Kim MH, Ju YS, Hwang SS, Ha M, Kim BK, Zoh KE, Paek D.Kim JM, et al.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Mar 9;15(3):481. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030481.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018.PMID: 29522487Free PMC article. * [ The risk of thyroid cancer in relation to residential proximity to nuclear power plants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39614350/) Cottagiri SA, King W, Rodriguez-Villamizar L, Villeneuve PJ.Cottagiri SA, et al.Environ Health. 2024 Nov 29;23(1):106. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01143-6.Environ Health. 2024.PMID: 39614350Free PMC article. * [ Proximity to nuclear power plants and total mortality risk in the USA during 2000-2018. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42570062/) Alwadi Y, Sastry SLK, Choma EF, Vieira CLZ, Coull B, Mittleman MA, Zanobetti A, Wei Y, Schwartz J, Koutrakis P.Alwadi Y, et al.Eur J Epidemiol. 2026 Aug 8. doi: 10.1007/s10654-026-01442-x. Online ahead of print.Eur J Epidemiol. 2026.PMID: 42570062 * [ Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM2.5, BC, NO2, and O3: An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36106702/) Brunekreef B, Strak M, Chen J, Andersen ZJ, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, Bellander T, Boutron MC, Brandt J, Carey I, Cesaroni G, Forastiere F, Fecht D, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, de Hoogh K, Houthuijs D, Hvidtfeldt U, Janssen N, Jorgensen J, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Klompmaker J, Hjertager Krog N, Liu S, Ljungman P, Mehta A, Nagel G, Oftedal B, Pershagen G, Peters A, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Renzi M, Rodopoulou S, Samoli E, Schwarze P, Sigsgaard T, Stafoggia M, Vienneau D, Weinmayr G, Wolf K, Hoek G.Brunekreef B, et al.Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2021 Sep;2021(208):1-127.Res Rep Health Eff Inst. 2021.PMID: 36106702Free PMC article. 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