---
title: "Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole‑fused BODIPYs: Heavy‑atom‑free NIR photosensitizers and PCT‑ISC for PDT"
id: "pubmed-42048685"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42048685"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Oncology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928"
published_at: "2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole‑fused BODIPYs: Heavy‑atom‑free NIR photosensitizers and PCT‑ISC for PDT
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42048685
- **Specialty:** [Oncology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/oncology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bioorg.2026.109928)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This review analyzes **thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole‑annulated BODIPYs** as a heavy‑atom‑free alternative to halogenated photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). - Annulation of a thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole unit to the BODIPY core enables efficient triplet state population while preserving fluorescence and strong **near‑infrared (NIR)** absorption. - The primary photophysical mechanism discussed is **photoinduced charge transfer‑assisted intersystem crossing (PCT‑ISC)**, which facilitates triplet formation without heavy atoms. - The review covers synthetic approaches and structural modification strategies used to tune photophysical properties and NIR sensitization. - A shift from oxygen‑dependent (Type II) photochemistry toward a **radical‑based (Type I)** mechanism is described as a route to improve efficacy in hypoxic tumors. - Practical challenges for biomedical use are examined: dye aggregation, the role of delivery systems in vivo, and the need for standardized light dosimetry. - The article systematizes current data to support rational design of predictable **NIR photosensitizers**, highlighting pathways and considerations rather than reporting new clinical outcomes. - Conflict of interest: the authors declare no known competing interests. - Publication metadata available: Bioorg Chem. 2026; DOI 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928; PMID 42048685. - Details such as quantitative photophysical parameters, specific synthetic procedures, and in vivo efficacy data are not reported in the abstract and would require consulting the full text for complete experimental data.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Apr 26. # Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-annulated BODIPYs: Charge-transfer-assisted intersystem crossing and NIR photosensitization for PDT [D V Sobenin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sobenin+DV&cauthor_id=42048685)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Moscow Aviation Institute \(National Research University\), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com."), [J A Sutemieva](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sutemieva+JA&cauthor_id=42048685)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com. * 2 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia. * PMID: **42048685** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928) Item in Clipboard Review # Thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-annulated BODIPYs: Charge-transfer-assisted intersystem crossing and NIR photosensitization for PDT D V Sobenin et al. Bioorg Chem. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Bioorg Chem Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bioorg+Chem%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Bioorg+Chem%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/) . 2026 Aug 5:177:109928. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928. Epub 2026 Apr 26. ### Authors [D V Sobenin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sobenin+DV&cauthor_id=42048685)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Moscow Aviation Institute \(National Research University\), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com."), [J A Sutemieva](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sutemieva+JA&cauthor_id=42048685)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42048685/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.") ### Affiliations * 1 Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com. * 2 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia. * PMID: **42048685** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109928) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract This review focuses on thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-fused BODIPYs, which serve as a heavy-atom-free alternative to traditional halogenated photosensitizers. This annulation strategy overcomes the limitations of the core platform, enabling efficient triplet state population while maintaining fluorescence and intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption. The review examines the physicochemical aspects of the photoinduced charge transfer-assisted intersystem crossing (PCT-ISC) mechanism underlying this phenomenon, alongside approaches to the synthesis and structural modification of these compounds. Furthermore, a directed shift from the classical oxygen-dependent photochemical pathway (Type II) to a radical-based mechanism (Type I) is outlined, driven by the necessity to overcome tumor hypoxia. Additionally, within the context of prospective biomedical applications, challenges related to dye aggregation, the influence of delivery systems on in vivo efficacy, and the standardization of light dosimetry are addressed. The presented material systematizes current data to facilitate the further rational design of NIR photosensitizers with predictable properties. **Keywords:** BODIPY; Heavy-atom-free intersystem crossing; Near-infrared photosensitizers; Reactive oxygen species; Thienopyrrole, photodynamic therapy. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers: From Molecular Design to Applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33289536/) Nguyen VN, Yan Y, Zhao J, Yoon J.Nguyen VN, et al.Acc Chem Res. 2021 Jan 5;54(1):207-220. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00606. Epub 2020 Dec 8.Acc Chem Res. 2021.PMID: 33289536 * [ Helical BODIPY Dyes as Heavy-Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38359274/) Mula S, Koli M.Mula S, et al.ChemMedChem. 2024 Jun 3;19(11):e202400041. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.202400041. Epub 2024 Mar 5.ChemMedChem. 2024.PMID: 38359274 * [ Thieno-pyrrole-fused BODIPY intermediate as a platform to multifunctional NIR agents. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24038940/) Awuah SG, Das SK, D'Souza F, You Y.Awuah SG, et al.Chem Asian J. 2013 Dec;8(12):3123-32. doi: 10.1002/asia.201300855. Epub 2013 Aug 27.Chem Asian J. 2013.PMID: 24038940Free PMC article. * [ Frontiers in photodynamic therapy: type I NIR-II photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission features. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41277220/) Tong Y, Li X, Wang D, Tang BZ.Tong Y, et al.Chem Commun (Camb). 2026 Jan 6;62(1):83-97. doi: 10.1039/d5cc05375g.Chem Commun (Camb). 2026.PMID: 41277220Review. * [ Recent strategies to improve boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) for photodynamic cancer therapy: an updated review. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29845993/) Kue CS, Ng SY, Voon SH, Kamkaew A, Chung LY, Kiew LV, Lee HB.Kue CS, et al.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018 Nov 1;17(11):1691-1708. doi: 10.1039/c8pp00113h. Epub 2018 May 30.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018.PMID: 29845993Review. 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