---
title: "Post-discharge growth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants"
id: "pubmed-42844452"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42844452"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pediatrics"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/"
doi: "10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4"
published_at: "2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Post-discharge growth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42844452
- **Specialty:** [Pediatrics](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pediatrics.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/)
- **DOI:** [10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00431-026-07491-4)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This retrospective cohort studied 1,106 very preterm infants (born <32 weeks' gestation) to assess associations between **bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)** severity and post-discharge growth during the first year corrected age. - Infants were classified by the Jensen BPD definition: **no BPD** (n = 768), **mild** (n = 142), **moderate** (n = 154), and **severe** (n = 42). - Weight, length, and head circumference z-scores were measured from birth to 12 months corrected age and used to model longitudinal growth trajectories. - Increasing BPD severity correlated with progressively poorer anthropometric outcomes both at hospital discharge and at 12 months corrected age (all p < 0.001). - At 12 months, **severe BPD** remained independently associated with lower z-scores for weight (β -0.596; 95% CI -1.134 to -0.057; p = 0.030), length (β -0.800; 95% CI -1.443 to -0.156; p = 0.015), and head circumference (β -1.177; 95% CI -2.001 to -0.353; p = 0.005). - Among infants with growth failure at discharge, severe BPD predicted slower recovery for weight (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.19–0.81; p = 0.011), length (HR 0.25; 95% CI 0.14–0.48; p < 0.001), and head circumference (HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08–0.72; p = 0.012). - Median time to recovery was not reached for any anthropometric domain in the severe-BPD group; 12-month recovery probabilities were 41.3% for weight, 42.6% for length, and 30.1% for head circumference. - Authors conclude severe BPD is independently linked to persistent impairment and markedly delayed recovery from established growth failure, supporting structured longitudinal growth monitoring and targeted nutritional follow-up after discharge. - Ethical approval was obtained from KAIMRC (IRB NRR26/133/1); informed consent was waived due to retrospective, de-identified data. - Keywords reported: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Growth failure; Growth recovery; Postnatal growth; Preterm infants.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Mohanned Alrahili](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alrahili+M&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Talal Aljarbou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aljarbou+T&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Saif Alsaif](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alsaif+S&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-3 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Abdulaziz Homedi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Homedi+A&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-3 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Theodore Dassios](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dassios+T&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece."), [Kamal Ali](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ali+K&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-6 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#full-view-affiliation-7 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 2 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 3 College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. * 5 Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * 6 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * 7 College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * PMID: **42844452** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4) Item in Clipboard # Longitudinal post-discharge growth according to bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants: a cohort study Lina Alsherbini et al. Eur J Pediatr. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Eur J Pediatr Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Eur+J+Pediatr%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Eur+J+Pediatr%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/) . 2026 Oct 8;185(11):814. doi: 10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4. ### Authors [Lina Alsherbini](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alsherbini+L&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Mohanned Alrahili](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alrahili+M&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Talal Aljarbou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aljarbou+T&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Saif Alsaif](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alsaif+S&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-2 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-3 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Abdulaziz Homedi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Homedi+A&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-3 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."), [Theodore Dassios](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dassios+T&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece."), [Kamal Ali](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ali+K&cauthor_id=42844452)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-6 "King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844452/#short-view-affiliation-7 "College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa.") ### Affiliations * 1 Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 2 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 3 College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. * 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece. * 5 Neonatal Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City - Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * 6 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, 11481, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * 7 College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alika@mngha.med.sa. * PMID: **42844452** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-026-07491-4) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract To evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and post-discharge growth during the first year of corrected age in very preterm infants, including recovery from established growth failure at hospital discharge. This retrospective cohort included 1,106 infants born before 32 weeks' gestation, classified using the Jensen BPD definition as no BPD (n = 768), mild (n = 142), moderate (n = 154), or severe BPD (n = 42). Weight, length, and head circumference z-scores were assessed from birth to 12 months corrected age. Longitudinal growth trajectories and time to recovery from discharge growth failure were evaluated using adjusted models. Increasing BPD severity was associated with progressively poorer anthropometric outcomes at discharge and 12 months (all p < 0.001). At 12 months, severe BPD remained independently associated with lower weight (β - 0.596, 95% CI - 1.134 to - 0.057; p = 0.030), length (β - 0.800, 95% CI - 1.443 to - 0.156; p = 0.015), and head circumference (β - 1.177, 95% CI - 2.001 to - 0.353; p = 0.005) z-scores. Among infants with growth failure at discharge, severe BPD was associated with slower recovery of weight (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.81; p = 0.011), length (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.48; p < 0.001), and head circumference (HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08-0.72; p = 0.012). Median recovery was not reached for any anthropometric domain in severe BPD; corresponding 12-month recovery probabilities were 41.3%, 42.6%, and 30.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Severe BPD was independently associated with persistent impairment in weight, length, and head circumference and substantially delayed recovery from established growth failure during infancy. These findings support structured longitudinal growth monitoring and targeted nutritional follow-up after discharge. **Keywords:** Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Growth failure; Growth recovery; Postnatal growth; Preterm infants. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Ethics of approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval for retrospective data collection and analysis was obtained from the King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC) (IRB approval number: NRR26/133/1). Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of fully de-identified clinical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Jensen EA et al (2019) The diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants. An evidence-based approach. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 200(6):751–759 - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201812-2348oc) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30995069/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/6775872/) 2. 1. Thébaud B et al (2019) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5(1):78 - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0127-7) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31727986/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/6986462/) 3. 1. Ehrenkranz RA et al (2006) Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 117(4):1253–1261 - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1368) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16585322/) 4. 1. Lapcharoensap W et al (2015) Hospital variation and risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a population-based cohort. JAMA Pediatr 169(2):e143676 - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.3676) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25642906/) 5. 1. Stephens BE et al (2009) First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 123(5):1337–1343 - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-0211) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19403500/) Show all 30 references ## MeSH terms * Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://p
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