---
title: "Adult vaccination coverage and missed preventive-care opportunities in Filipino adults with diabet"
id: "pubmed-42826175"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42826175"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/"
doi: "10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630"
published_at: "2026-10-02T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Adult vaccination coverage and missed preventive-care opportunities in Filipino adults with diabet
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42826175
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21645515.2026.2742630)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-02T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Adults with **diabetes mellitus** have higher risk of vaccine-preventable infections and complications; adult immunization recommendations exist but uptake is suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries, including the Philippines. - This cross-sectional study evaluated vaccine uptake among 284 Filipino adults with diabetes recruited from inpatient, outpatient, and community outreach settings at a tertiary hospital. - Vaccines assessed: **influenza**, **pneumococcal**, **herpes zoster**, **hepatitis B**, **Td/Tdap**, and **COVID-19** primary series using prespecified operational definitions. - Reported uptake rates: influenza 44.4%, pneumococcal 49.6%, herpes zoster 18.1%, hepatitis B 15.5%, Td/Tdap 23.2%, and COVID-19 primary series 97.9%. - Multivariable analyses found male sex associated with lower odds of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination; increasing age associated with higher pneumococcal uptake. - Higher household income and diabetes duration of 5–10 years were linked to greater influenza vaccination; among those aged ≥50 years, male sex and high income were associated with herpes zoster vaccination. - High income was also associated with greater hepatitis B and Td/Tdap uptake. - **Provider recommendation** was associated with receipt of all vaccines examined; common reasons for non-vaccination included lack of provider recommendation, failure to prioritize vaccination, and financial constraints. - Study conclusion: uptake was uneven and low for most recommended adult vaccines besides COVID-19; integrating vaccine assessment and counseling into diabetes care and addressing financial and access barriers may improve vaccination coverage.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Oct 2. # Adult vaccination coverage and missed preventive care opportunities among Filipino adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study [Ranee Joy B Jacobo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jacobo+RJB&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Michael L Villa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Villa+ML&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Maria Jocelyn C Isidro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Isidro+MJC&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Sahra May O Paragas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paragas+SMO&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines. * PMID: **42826175** * DOI: [ 10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630) Item in Clipboard # Adult vaccination coverage and missed preventive care opportunities among Filipino adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study Ranee Joy B Jacobo et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2026 Dec. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Hum Vaccin Immunother Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hum+Vaccin+Immunother%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Hum+Vaccin+Immunother%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) . 2026 Dec;22(1):2742630. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630. Epub 2026 Oct 2. ### Authors [Ranee Joy B Jacobo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jacobo+RJB&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Michael L Villa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Villa+ML&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Maria Jocelyn C Isidro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Isidro+MJC&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines."), [Sahra May O Paragas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paragas+SMO&cauthor_id=42826175)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines.") ### Affiliation * 1 Center for Diabetes, Thyroid, and Endocrine Disorders, St. Luke's Medical Center Global City, Metro Manila, Philippines. * PMID: **42826175** * DOI: [ 10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2742630) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Adults with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections and complications. Despite recommendations for adult immunization, uptake remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries, including the Philippines, where data remain limited. This cross-sectional study assessed adult immunization coverage and associated clinical and sociodemographic factors among Filipino adults with diabetes recruited from inpatient, outpatient, and community outreach settings at a tertiary hospital. Uptake of influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, hepatitis B, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Td/Tdap), and COVID-19 vaccines was evaluated using prespecified operational definitions. Crude associations and parsimonious multivariable logistic regression models were examined; COVID-19 vaccination was not modeled because only six participants were unvaccinated. Among 284 participants (mean age 61.5 ± 12.7 y, 55.6% females), uptake was 44.4% for influenza, 49.6% for pneumococcal, 18.1% for herpes zoster, 15.5% for hepatitis B, 23.2% for Td/Tdap, and 97.9% for the primary COVID-19 series. Males had lower adjusted odds of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, while increasing age was associated with pneumococcal uptake. Middle and high household income and diabetes duration of 5-10 y were associated with influenza vaccination. Among adults aged ≥50 y, male sex and high income were associated with herpes zoster vaccination. High income was also associated with hepatitis B and Td/Tdap uptake. Provider recommendation was associated with all outcomes, while lack of provider recommendation, failure to prioritize vaccination, and financial constraints were common reasons for non-vaccination. Uptake was uneven and low for most recommended adult vaccines. Integrating vaccine assessment and counseling into diabetes care while addressing financial and access barriers may improve uptake. **Keywords:** Diabetes mellitus; adult immunization; healthcare provider recommendation; preventive healthcare; vaccine uptake. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## MeSH terms * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * COVID-19 / prevention & control Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * COVID-19 Vaccines / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22COVID-19+Vaccines%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=COVID-19+Vaccines) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Cross-Sectional Studies Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cross-Sectional+Studies%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cross-Sectional+Studies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Middle Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Philippines / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Philippines%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Philippines) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Unvaccinated Persons Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Unvaccinated+Persons%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Unvaccinated+Persons) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Vaccination / statistics & numerical data Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccination%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vaccination) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) * Vaccination Coverage* / statistics & numerical data Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccination+Coverage%2Fstatistics+and+numerical+data%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Vaccination+Coverage) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42826175/) ## 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