---
title: "Aquaporins as Therapeutic Targets: Distribution, Function, and Pathological Roles"
id: "pubmed-42926255"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42926255"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/"
doi: "10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9"
published_at: "2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Aquaporins as Therapeutic Targets: Distribution, Function, and Pathological Roles
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42926255
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/)
- **DOI:** [10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs43556-026-00628-9)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- **Aquaporins (AQPs)** are integral membrane proteins that act as selective **water channels**, permitting rapid transmembrane water flux under physiological conditions. - Some AQPs also permit passage of small solutes — glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, urea, carbon dioxide, and ammonia — expanding their functional repertoire beyond pure water transport. - Investigators reported distinctive structural features and functional properties across AQP isoforms; these molecular differences underpin tissue-specific expression and subcellular localization. - Data indicated broad distribution of AQPs across organs and tissues in humans, where they contribute to processes including fluid homeostasis and, in some contexts, pulmonary gas exchange. - The review summarizes evidence linking AQP dysregulation to disease mechanisms: effects on cell proliferation and motility, altered gas exchange, and modulation of non-canonical signaling pathways were described. - The authors cataloged regulatory mechanisms that control AQP expression and function, although detailed mechanisms for many isoforms remain incompletely defined in the source. - Investigators characterized therapeutic approaches targeting AQPs, including conceptual strategies for inhibitors and activators; the article also discussed translational prospects and challenges. - The review identified key knowledge gaps: need for tissue-specific modulation, design of selective inhibitors/activators, and further mechanistic studies to move AQPs from experimental targets toward clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. - The source did not report specific experimental dosing regimens, clinical trial outcomes, or quantitative efficacy metrics for AQP-targeted agents; those details remain to be established in future work.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. * 2 Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. * 3 Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China. chjm2008@126.com. * 4 Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. et1978@126.com. * 5 Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. wutao001827@163.com. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42926255** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9) Item in Clipboard Review # Aquaporin water channels: distribution, physiology, pathophysiology, and relevance as therapeutic targets Lin Wang et al. Mol Biomed. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Mol Biomed Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mol+Biomed%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Mol+Biomed%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) . 2026 Oct 25;7(1):229. doi: 10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9. ### Authors [Lin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+L&cauthor_id=42926255)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China."), [Yanqun Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+Y&cauthor_id=42926255)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China."), [Xiaoliang Deng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Deng+X&cauthor_id=42926255)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China."), [Junming Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42926255)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China. chjm2008@126.com."), [Lei Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+L&cauthor_id=42926255)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. et1978@126.com."), [Tao Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+T&cauthor_id=42926255)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. wutao001827@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. * 2 Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. * 3 Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199, China. chjm2008@126.com. * 4 Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. et1978@126.com. * 5 Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. wutao001827@163.com. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42926255** * DOI: [ 10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9 ](https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00628-9) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Aquaporins (AQPs) represent a class of integral membrane proteins that function as selective water channels, facilitating the transit of water molecules across biological membranes. Under specific conditions, these proteins may also mediate the permeation of small solutes, including glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, urea, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. Investigations into AQPs have unveiled distinctive structural attributes and functional properties. Evidence indicates that AQPs are broadly distributed across diverse tissues and organ systems in humans, contributing to essential physiological processes. An expanding body of literature highlights the involvement of AQPs in disease pathogenesis and progression, particularly in cellular behaviors such as proliferation and motility, pulmonary gas exchange, and the modulation of non-canonical signaling pathways. This review comprehensively outlines the tissue-specific and subcellular distribution profiles, physiological roles, and regulatory mechanisms associated with AQPs. It further characterizes the alterations in AQP functionality under pathological states, delineates their involvement and mechanistic contributions to multisystem disorders, and provides an overview of therapeutic strategies targeting AQPs, along with their translational prospects. In addition, key gaps in current knowledge are identified, and pivotal research directions, such as tissue-specific modulation and the design of targeted inhibitors and activators, are proposed to advance the translational application of AQPs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. **Keywords:** Aquaporins; Disease targets; Pathological mechanisms; Physiological functions; Therapeutic strategies. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate.: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. ## References 1. 1. Verkman AS. Aquaporins. Curr Biol. 2013;23(2):R52–55. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.025) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23347934/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/3590904/) 2. 1. Denker BM, Smith BL, Kuhajda FP, Agre P. Identification, purification, and partial characterization of a novel Mr 28,000 integral membrane protein from erythrocytes and renal tubules. J Biol Chem. 1988;263(30):15634–42. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258\(19\)37635-5) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3049610/) 3. 1. Törnroth-Horsefield S, Chivasso C, Strandberg H, D’Agostino C, O’Neale CVT, Schey KL, et al. Insight into the Mammalian Aquaporin Interactome. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9615. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179615) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36077012/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/9456110/) 4. 1. Xu L, Guo X, Wang W, Li C. Classification and Gene Structure of Aquaporins. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1398:1–13. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_1) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36717483/) 5. 1. Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: functional diversity and potential roles in infectious and non-infectious diseases. Front Genet. 2021;12:654865. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.654865) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33796134/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/8007926/) Show all 285 references ## Publication types * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Aquaporins* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aquaporins%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aquaporins) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Aquaporins* / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aquaporins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aquaporins) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Molecular Targeted Therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Molecular+Targeted+Therapy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Molecular+Targeted+Therapy) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Signal Transduction Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Signal+Transduction%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Signal+Transduction) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Water* / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Water%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Water) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) ## Substances * Aquaporins Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aquaporins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Aquaporins%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) * Water Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Water%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Water%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926255/) ## Grants and funding * [ 82574670/National Natural Science Foundation of China ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=82574670%2FNational+Na
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