---
title: "Atorvastatin-loaded frankincense SNEDDS thermoresponsive hydrogel improves wound healing in a rat"
id: "pubmed-42542257"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42542257"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Atorvastatin-loaded frankincense SNEDDS thermoresponsive hydrogel improves wound healing in a rat
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42542257
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127264)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study repurposed the antihyperlipidemic drug **atorvastatin** for topical wound healing by incorporating it into a frankincense oil–based **self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)**, then embedding that SNEDDS into a **thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel**. - SNEDDS formulations used frankincense (FRK) oil, Tween® 20, and PEG 400; they were evaluated for thermodynamic stability, emulsification efficiency, droplet size, cloud point, and drug content. - The optimized SNEDDS showed nanometric droplet size, high drug content, and good physical stability and was mixed into the poloxamer gel using the cold method. - The resulting ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel demonstrated improved spreadability, appropriate rheological behavior, and complete drug release within 6 hours in the reported in vitro evaluation. - In a rat incisional wound model, topical ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel significantly increased wound contraction compared with the diseased control and with a marketed standard (reported as 40% vs. diseased group; 16% vs. marketed standard). - Treatment with ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel markedly reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 68% and TNF-α decreased by 60% compared with controls reported in the source. - Antioxidant defenses were increased: superoxide dismutase (SOD) rose by 48% and reduced glutathione (GSH) rose by 50% in treated animals as reported. - Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses showed accelerated re-epithelialization, greater collagen deposition, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in wounds treated with the ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel. - Authors conclude the **ATR-SNEDDS thermosensitive hydrogel** provides a synergistic delivery platform that enhances topical atorvastatin performance and shows promising acute wound-healing potential in an animal model. - Specific experimental details such as exact concentrations, animal numbers, dosing regimen, and statistical analyses were not reported in the PubMed abstract and therefore are not available here.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 1. # Atorvastatin-loaded frankincense self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) thermoresponsive hydrogel enhances wound healing in an animal model [Samaa O Abdelqader](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abdelqader+SO&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt."), [Hanan M Elnahas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Elnahas+HM&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."), [Tarek M Ibrahim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ibrahim+TM&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."), [Abdulla M A Mahmoud](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mahmoud+AMA&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Cairo 11829, Egypt."), [Moataz B Zewail](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zewail+MB&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Electronic address: moataz.zewail@adelaide.edu.au."), [Walaa A El-Dakroury](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=El-Dakroury+WA&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. Electronic address: walaa.ahmed2@buc.edu.eg.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. * 2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. * 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt. * 4 School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Electronic address: moataz.zewail@adelaide.edu.au. * 5 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. Electronic address: walaa.ahmed2@buc.edu.eg. * PMID: **42542257** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264) Free article Item in Clipboard # Atorvastatin-loaded frankincense self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) thermoresponsive hydrogel enhances wound healing in an animal model Samaa O Abdelqader et al. Int J Pharm. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) . 2026 Sep 5:702:127264. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264. Epub 2026 Aug 1. ### Authors [Samaa O Abdelqader](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Abdelqader+SO&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt."), [Hanan M Elnahas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Elnahas+HM&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."), [Tarek M Ibrahim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ibrahim+TM&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."), [Abdulla M A Mahmoud](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mahmoud+AMA&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Cairo 11829, Egypt."), [Moataz B Zewail](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zewail+MB&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Electronic address: moataz.zewail@adelaide.edu.au."), [Walaa A El-Dakroury](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=El-Dakroury+WA&cauthor_id=42542257)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo \(BUC\), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. Electronic address: walaa.ahmed2@buc.edu.eg.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. * 2 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. * 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt. * 4 School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Electronic address: moataz.zewail@adelaide.edu.au. * 5 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt. Electronic address: walaa.ahmed2@buc.edu.eg. * PMID: **42542257** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127264) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Atorvastatin (ATR) is a well-established antihyperlipidemic agent that has recently gained attention in wound-healing research for its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Despite this therapeutic potential, its clinical repurposing for topical application remains challenging because of its poor aqueous solubility (BCS Class II) and limited penetration across the skin barrier. To address these limitations, ATR was incorporated into a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which possesses inherent wound-healing properties, and subsequently incorporated into a thermoresponsive hydrogel to develop a novel ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel aimed at enhancing wound-healing efficacy. ATR-SNEDDS formulations were prepared using frankincense) FRK (oil, Tween® 20, and PEG 400 and characterized for thermodynamic stability, emulsification efficiency, droplet size, cloud point, and drug content. The optimized formulation, exhibiting nanometric droplet size, high drug content, and excellent physical stability, was then incorporated into a thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel using the cold method, which demonstrated improved spreadability, suitable rheological properties, and complete drug release within 6 h. In a rat incisional wound model, the ATR-SNEDDS hydrogel significantly enhanced wound contraction (40% vs. diseased group; 16% vs. marketed standard), accompanied by marked reductions in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, including malondialdehyde (68%) and TNF-α (60%), along with increased antioxidant defenses as evidenced by elevated SOD (48%) and GSH (50%). Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed accelerated re-epithelialization, enhanced collagen deposition, and reduced inflammatory infiltration. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the ATR-SNEDDS thermosensitive hydrogel provides a synergistic and effective platform for improving the therapeutic performance of ATR, offering promising wound-healing potential in an acute incisional wound model. **Keywords:** Atorvastatin; Frankincense oil; Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS); Thermosensitive hydrogel; Wound healing. Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Wound Healing Activity of _Opuntia ficus-indica_ Fixed Oil Formulated in a Self-Nanoemulsifying Formulation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34135583/) Koshak AE, Algandaby MM, Mujallid MI, Abdel-Naim AB, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Alfarsi A, Badr-Eldin SM, Neamatallah T, Nasrullah MZ, M Abdallah H, Esmat A.Koshak AE, et al.Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Jun 9;16:3889-3905. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S299696. eCollection 2021.Int J Nanomedicine. 2021.PMID: 34135583Free PMC article. * [ Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for nebulization: fabrication and evaluation for systemic delivery of atorvastatin. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39361170/) Saeed MD, Shah KU, Fahad M, Shah SU, Badshah SF, Shah H, Anjum I, Shazly GA, Bourhia M.Saeed MD, et al.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Apr;398(4):3829-3842. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03494-w. Epub 2024 Oct 3.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025.PMID: 39361170 * [ Olive oil and castor oil-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of flurbiprofen can relieve peripheral pain and inflammation through reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: a comprehensive formulation and pharmacological insights. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39776028/) Basar M, Khan MI, Akhtar MF, Anwar F, Saleem A, Madni A, Ahmad Z, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Shakoor U, Khan A.Basar M, et al.Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jan;33(1):353-379. doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01632-7. Epub 2025 Jan 7.Inflammopharmacology. 2025.PMID: 39776028 * [ Aloe-emodin microemulsion gel for diabetic wounds: optimizing surfactant-polymer synergy for effective wound management. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41922302/) Popli P, Gaur S, Devi S, Basety S, Sharma T, Singh TG, Swami R.Popli P, et al.Ther Deliv. 2026 Mar;17(3):203-216. doi: 10.1080/20415990.2026.2653453. Epub 2026 Apr 1.Ther Deliv. 2026.PMID: 41922302 * [ Improved Pharmacodynamic Potential of Rosuvastatin by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: An in vitro and in vivo Evaluation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33603359/) Verma R, Kaushik A, Almeer R, Rahman MH, Abdel-Daim MM, Kaushik D.Verma R, et al.Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Feb 9;16:905-924. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S287665. eCollection 2021.Int J Nanomedicine. 2021.PMID: 33603359Free PMC article. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42542257) ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) * Atorvastatin* / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Atorvastatin%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Atorvastatin) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) * Atorvastatin* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Atorvastatin%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Atorvastatin) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) * Atorvastatin* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Atorvastatin%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Atorvastatin) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) * Disease Models, Animal Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Disease+Models%2C+Animal%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Disease+Models%2C+Animal) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42542257/) * Drug Delivery Systems Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Drug+Delivery+Systems%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Drug+Delivery+Systems) * [ Add to Search ]
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