---
title: "Autofluorescence Imaging and Methylene Blue PDT for Early Detection and Management of Actinic Chei"
id: "pubmed-42674666"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42674666"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/"
doi: "10.1002/jbio.70346"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Autofluorescence Imaging and Methylene Blue PDT for Early Detection and Management of Actinic Chei
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42674666
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/jbio.70346](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjbio.70346)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study evaluated handheld **autofluorescence imaging** (405 ± 20 nm) as a noninvasive adjunct for early detection of **actinic cheilitis (AC)** and for monitoring response to **methylene blue–mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT)**. - Areas with altered lip autofluorescence identified by the device were biopsied for histologic confirmation; of 25 screened individuals, 19 had confirmed AC. - Patients with confirmed AC received five topical **1% methylene blue** applications followed by MB-PDT (660 nm, 100 mW, 120 s per point). - Quantitative grayscale fluorescence intensity was measured before treatment and at 30 days after the MB-PDT course. - Lesional mucosa showed higher autofluorescence intensity than adjacent healthy tissue at baseline, supporting the imaging method’s diagnostic value. - After MB-PDT, mean fluorescence intensity and inter-sample variability decreased significantly, consistent with a measurable tissue response to therapy. - Smokers in the cohort exhibited a smaller reduction in fluorescence intensity after treatment compared with non-smokers. - Seventeen participants completed follow-up; the report does not provide detailed safety, long-term outcomes, or statistical values in the abstract. - The authors conclude that combining **autofluorescence imaging** with **MB-PDT** offers a practical strategy for early detection and noninvasive monitoring of AC in high-risk patients.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Professional Master Radiation Technology in Health Sciences, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil. * 2 Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil. * 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. * 4 Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. * PMID: **42674666** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jbio.70346 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70346) Item in Clipboard # Autofluorescence Imaging and Methylene Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Early Detection and Management of Subclinical Actinic Cheilitis Juliana Cristina Oliverio de Araújo et al. J Biophotonics. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Biophotonics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Biophotonics%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Biophotonics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) . 2026 Sep;19(9):e70346. doi: 10.1002/jbio.70346. ### Authors [Juliana Cristina Oliverio de Araújo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Ara%C3%BAjo+JCO&cauthor_id=42674666)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Professional Master Radiation Technology in Health Sciences, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute \(IPEN-CNEN\), São Paulo, Brazil.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute \(IPEN-CNEN\), São Paulo, Brazil."), [Og Fray Junior](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Junior+OF&cauthor_id=42674666)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute \(IPEN-CNEN\), São Paulo, Brazil."), [Hermano Camelo Paiva](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Paiva+HC&cauthor_id=42674666)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil."), [Alyne Simões Gonçalves](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gon%C3%A7alves+AS&cauthor_id=42674666)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil."), [Martha Simões Ribeiro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ribeiro+MS&cauthor_id=42674666)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Professional Master Radiation Technology in Health Sciences, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute \(IPEN-CNEN\), São Paulo, Brazil.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute \(IPEN-CNEN\), São Paulo, Brazil.") ### Affiliations * 1 Professional Master Radiation Technology in Health Sciences, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil. * 2 Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil. * 3 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. * 4 Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. * PMID: **42674666** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jbio.70346 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70346) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Objectives:** Optical autofluorescence imaging is a noninvasive adjunct for detecting potentially malignant oral disorders, such as actinic cheilitis (AC). This study evaluated its use for early detection and for monitoring tissue response following methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT). **Methods:** Lip autofluorescence was assessed using a handheld device (405 ± 20 nm). Areas with altered fluorescence underwent biopsy for confirmation. Patients with AC received five MB-PDT sessions (660 nm, 100 mW, 120 s/point) after topical 1% MB. Grayscale intensity was quantified before treatment and at 30 days. **Results:** Of 25 screened individuals, 19 had confirmed AC, and 17 completed follow-up. Lesions showed higher fluorescence intensity than healthy tissue. After MB-PDT, mean intensity and variability significantly decreased, indicating tissue response. Smokers showed a smaller reduction. **Conclusion:** Autofluorescence imaging enables early detection and noninvasive monitoring of AC. Combined with MB-PDT, it represents a practical strategy for managing high-risk patients and supporting early intervention. **Keywords:** blue LED; noninvasive approaches; optical techniques; red laser; solar cheilosis. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Biophotonics published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## References 1. 1. A. Vasilovici, L. Ungureanu, L. Grigore, E. Cojocaru, and S. Şenilă, “Actinic Cheilitis – From Risk Factors to Therapy,” Frontiers in Medicine 9 (2022): 805425. 2. 1. M. C. Carneiro, M. G. Quenta‐Huayhua, M. Peralta‐Mamani, et al., “Clinicopathological Analysis of Actinic Cheilitis: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analyses,” Head and Neck Pathology 17, no. 3 (2023): 708–721. 3. 1. J. Seoane, S. Warnakulasuriya, J. V. Bagán, et al., “Assembling a Consensus on Actinic Cheilitis: A Delphi Study,” Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 50, no. 10 (2021): 962–970. 4. 1. A. Howard, N. Agrawal, and Z. Gooi, “Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma,” Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 35, no. 5 (2021): 895–911. 5. 1. G. R. M. La Rosa, E. Pedullà, I. Chapple, S. A. Pacino, and R. Polosa, “The Use of Quantitative Light‐Induced Fluorescence in Carious Lesions Research: A Bibliometric Review,” Journal of Dentistry 148 (2024): 105220. Show all 28 references ## MeSH terms * Adult Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adult%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adult) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Cheilitis* / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cheilitis%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cheilitis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Cheilitis* / diagnostic imaging Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cheilitis%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cheilitis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Cheilitis* / drug therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cheilitis%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cheilitis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Early Diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early+Diagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Early+Diagnosis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Methylene Blue* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Methylene+Blue) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Methylene Blue* / therapeutic use Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Methylene+Blue%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Methylene+Blue) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Middle Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Middle+Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Middle+Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Optical Imaging* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Optical+Imaging%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Optical+Imaging) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) * Photochemotherapy* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Photochemotherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Photochemotherapy) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42674666/) ## 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