---
title: "Biochemical profile of spironolactone use in hospitalized patients with hypotonic hyponatraemia"
id: "pubmed-42752325"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752325"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/"
doi: "10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576"
published_at: "2026-09-17T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Biochemical profile of spironolactone use in hospitalized patients with hypotonic hyponatraemia
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42752325
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07853890.2026.2718576)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-17T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This single-centre retrospective cohort compared biochemical and epidemiological features of hospitalized patients with established **hypotonic hyponatraemia** by spironolactone exposure. - The cohort excluded thiazide users and included 534 patients: 107 spironolactone users and 427 non-users; subgroups analyzed included spironolactone-alone (n = 27), spironolactone + furosemide (n = 80), and non-diuretic patients (n = 374). - Key comparisons examined admission serum sodium (s-Na), serum potassium (s-K), serum urea (s-urea), serum uric acid (s-UA), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary fractional excretions. - After adjustment for eGFR, spironolactone users had higher **s-K**, higher **s-urea**, and higher **s-uric acid** than non-users. - The spironolactone-alone subgroup had higher s-K and s-urea versus non-diuretic patients, but differed from the spironolactone+furosemide group by lower drug dose, lower s-urea, lower serum creatinine and s-UA, higher eGFR, lower chronic heart failure prevalence and higher hypertension prevalence. - Multivariable regression showed independent associations of spironolactone with increased s-K (β = 0.33, p = 0.001) and higher log-transformed s-urea (β = 0.22, p < 0.001), equivalent to a 24.5% increase in s-urea. - The elevated s-K was not explained by reduced urinary potassium excretion in this analysis. - No strong evidence in these analyses that concomitant furosemide materially altered the spironolactone-associated biochemical pattern. - Authors conclude awareness of this biochemical pattern may help phenotype hyponatraemic patients on spironolactone, and they call for prospective studies to test diagnostic utility. - Details about study time frame, complete inclusion/exclusion criteria beyond non-thiazide status, and granular protocol elements were not reported in the abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752325%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752325%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42752325%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#abstract) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#substances) Title & authors Abstract MeSH terms Substances Ann Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ann+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Ann+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) . 2026 Dec;58(1):2718576. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576. Epub 2026 Sep 17. # Biochemical characteristics associated with spironolactone use in hospitalized patients with hypotonic hyponatraemia [Josef Klhůfek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klh%C5%AFfek+J&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic."), [Martin Vodička](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vodi%C4%8Dka+M&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Martin Fajkus](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fajkus+M&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Ilja Ryšavý](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ry%C5%A1av%C3%BD+I&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Vladimír Kojecký](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kojeck%C3%BD+V&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-5 "2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic."), [Tomáš Šálek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%C5%A0%C3%A1lek+T&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 2 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. * 3 Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 5 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. * 6 Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. * 7 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * PMID: **42752325** * DOI: [ 10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576) Item in Clipboard # Biochemical characteristics associated with spironolactone use in hospitalized patients with hypotonic hyponatraemia Josef Klhůfek et al. Ann Med. 2026 Dec. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Ann Med Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Ann+Med%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Ann+Med%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) . 2026 Dec;58(1):2718576. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576. Epub 2026 Sep 17. ### Authors [Josef Klhůfek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Klh%C5%AFfek+J&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic."), [Martin Vodička](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vodi%C4%8Dka+M&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Martin Fajkus](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Fajkus+M&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Ilja Ryšavý](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ry%C5%A1av%C3%BD+I&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic."), [Vladimír Kojecký](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kojeck%C3%BD+V&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-5 "2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic."), [Tomáš Šálek](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%C5%A0%C3%A1lek+T&cauthor_id=42752325)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 2 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Medical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic. * 3 Faculty of Applied Informatics, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * 5 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. * 6 Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. * 7 Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Tomas Bata Hospital Zlin, Zlín, Czech Republic. * PMID: **42752325** * DOI: [ 10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2026.2718576) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Spironolactone has been associated with hypotonic hyponatraemia. However, its accompanying biochemical pattern - especially with concomitant loop diuretics - remains underdescribed. We characterized biochemical and epidemiological profiles of hospitalized patients with established hypotonic hyponatraemia according to spironolactone exposure. **Methods:** Single-centre retrospective cohort of non-thiazide patients admitted with hypotonic hyponatraemia. Biochemical parameters were compared between spironolactone users (_n_ =107) and non-users (_n_ =427). The spironolactone-alone subgroup (_n_ =27) was compared between (i) the non-diuretic group (_n_ =374) and (ii) the spironolactone+furosemide group (_n_ =80). We performed correlations between (a) admission serum sodium (s-Na) and in-hospital mortality; (b) spironolactone dose and biochemical parameters, also adjusted for furosemide dose; (c) serum potassium (s-K) and relevant parameters. Multivariable regression analyses were performed for s-K, s-Na, fractional excretion (FE)-K, FE-Cl, FE-H2O and serum urea (s-urea) as dependent variables to assess associations with spironolactone while accounting for potential confounders. **Results:** After eGFR adjustment, spironolactone users showed higher s-K (_p_ <0.001), s-urea (_p_ <0.001) and s-uric acid (s-UA; _p_ =0.01). The spironolactone-alone group showed higher s-K (_p_ =0.003), and s-urea (_p_ =0.001) compared to the non-diuretic group; lower dose (_p_ =0.04), s-urea (_p_ =0.04), serum creatinine (s-creatinine) (_p_ <0.001), s-UA (_p_ =0.02) and chronic heart failure prevalence (_p_ <0.001); higher eGFR (_p_ =0.002), and hypertension prevalence (_p_ =0.048), compared to the spironolactone+furosemide group. Multivariable regression analyses identified independent associations of spironolactone with higher s-K (_b_ =0.33, _p_ =0.001) and with higher log-transformed s-urea (_b_ =0.22, _p_ <0.001), corresponding to a 24.5% increase in s-urea. **Conclusions:** Spironolactone was independently associated with higher s-K and with higher s-urea levels. This pattern was not reflected by reduced urinary potassium excretion. Importantly, no clear evidence that concomitant furosemide materially modified this biochemical pattern was observed in the present analyses. Awareness of this pattern may support the phenotypic characterization of hyponatraemic patients receiving spironolactone. However, prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this biochemical pattern in hyponatraemic patients receiving spironolactone. **Keywords:** Spironolactone; diuretic-induced hyponatremia; drug-induced hyponatremia; furosemide; hyponatremia. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## MeSH terms * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Aged, 80 and over Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged%2C+80+and+over) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Diuretics* / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diuretics%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diuretics) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Diuretics* / adverse effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diuretics%2Fadverse+effects%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diuretics) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Furosemide / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Furosemide%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Furosemide) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Furosemide / adverse effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Furosemide%2Fadverse+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Furosemide) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Furosemide / therapeutic use Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Furosemide%2Ftherapeutic+use%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Furosemide) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Hospitalization Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hospitalization%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hospitalization) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Hyponatremia* / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyponatremia%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hyponatremia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Hyponatremia* / chemically induced Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyponatremia%2Fchemically+induced%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hyponatremia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Hyponatremia* / drug therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyponatremia%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hyponatremia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Hyponatremia* / mortality Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hyponatremia%2Fmortality%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hyponatremia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42752325/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pu
## Related Clinical Research

- [Coexisting AL (λ) amyloidosis and POEMS syndrome presenting as refractory heart failure: a case re](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-8-a-rare-coexistence-of-immunoglobulin-light-chain-amyloidosis-and-poems-syndrome.md)
- [Polypill Improved Ejection Fraction in HFrEF Trial](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-4-polypill-for-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction-the-poly-hf.md)
- [Infection Does Not Impair Decongestion or Short-Term Kidney Outcomes in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-11-impact-of-infection-on-decongestion-and-kidney-outcomes-in-patients-with.md)
- [Spironolactone and early eGFR declines in HFpEF: TOPCAT Americas post-hoc analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-41961632.md) (DOI: 10.1093/ejhf/xuag099)
- [Cardiac-targeted delivery strategies for advanced therapies in heart disease](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42284133.md) (DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehag432)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Pharmacology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.