---
title: "Candida in the lower respiratory tract linked to barrier disruption in mice and worse outcomes in"
id: "pubmed-42766739"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42766739"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/"
doi: "10.1073/pnas.2608378123"
published_at: "2026-09-21T22:17:30.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Candida in the lower respiratory tract linked to barrier disruption in mice and worse outcomes in
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42766739
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/)
- **DOI:** [10.1073/pnas.2608378123](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2608378123)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T22:17:30.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The article title reports that **Candida** detected in the **lower respiratory tract** causes **barrier disruption** in mice and is associated with worse outcomes in **mechanically ventilated** humans. - Publication metadata: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Epub 2026 Sep 21; print 2026 Sep 29; DOI 10.1073/pnas.2608378123; PMID 42766739. - Multi-institutional author team with contributions from pulmonary, microbiology, infectious diseases, and epidemiology groups at multiple U.S. centers. - The title implies experimental animal data (mice) demonstrating an effect on respiratory barrier integrity and an observational or translational human component in mechanically ventilated patients linking lower respiratory tract Candida presence with poor outcomes. - The PubMed source text provided here does not include the article abstract, methods, numerical results, statistical measures, sample sizes, or detailed outcomes; those details were not reported in the provided source content. - Because the supplied record lacks the full abstract and full text, specifics about how **Candida** was detected (culture, PCR, sequencing), the nature of the barrier disruption, definitions of clinical outcomes, or any causal inferences beyond the title are not available in this source. - The study appears relevant to clinicians and researchers concerned with airway microbiology, ventilator-associated risk stratification, and host–microbe interactions affecting epithelial integrity, but further appraisal requires accessing the full article for methods and data.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 21. # _Candida_ in the lower respiratory tract induces barrier disruption in mice and predicts poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated humans [Nathanial J Tolman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tolman+NJ&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Wonseok Choi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Choi+W&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794."), [Riley Coulter](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Coulter+R&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Mark E Snyder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Snyder+ME&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Lokesh Sharma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sharma+L&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Shulin Qin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Qin+S&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Eric D Morrell](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Morrell+ED&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Hospital and Specialty Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108."), [Carmen Mikacenic](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mikacenic+C&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101."), [Jonathan K Alder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Alder+JK&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Xiaohong Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+X&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Mohammadreza Tabary](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tabary+M&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Yingze Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Kyle Inman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Inman+K&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Noel Britton](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Britton+N&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201."), [Barbara Methe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Methe+B&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Panayiotis V Benos](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Benos+PV&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610."), [Jessica Bon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bon+J&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157."), [Keven Robinson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Robinson+K&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Charles Dela Cruz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dela+Cruz+C&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-10 "Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240."), [M Hong Nguyen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nguyen+MH&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-11 "Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Alison Morris](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Morris+A&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Partha S Biswas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Biswas+PS&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794."), [William Bain](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bain+W&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-10 "Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240."), [Georgios D Kitsios](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kitsios+GD&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. * 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794. * 3 Acute Lung Injury and Infection Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. * 4 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195. * 5 Hospital and Specialty Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108. * 6 Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101. * 7 Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201. * 8 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. * 9 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. * 10 Pulmonary Section, Medicine Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240. * 11 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42766739** * DOI: [ 10.1073/pnas.2608378123 ](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2608378123) Item in Clipboard # _Candida_ in the lower respiratory tract induces barrier disruption in mice and predicts poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated humans Nathanial J Tolman et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/) . 2026 Sep 29;123(39):e2608378123. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2608378123. Epub 2026 Sep 21. ### Authors [Nathanial J Tolman](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tolman+NJ&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213."), [Wonseok Choi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Choi+W&cauthor_id=42766739)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794."), [Riley Coulter](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Coulter+R&cauthor_id=42766739)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42766739/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unive
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