---
title: "Carrier-free MPLA–MUC1 Spherical Peptide Nanovaccine (MAP NVs): Construction and Antitumor Activity"
id: "pubmed-42660827"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42660827"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/"
doi: "10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094"
published_at: "2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Carrier-free MPLA–MUC1 Spherical Peptide Nanovaccine (MAP NVs): Construction and Antitumor Activity
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42660827
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/)
- **DOI:** [10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094](https://doi.org/10.3881%2Fj.issn.1000-503X.17094)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study reports construction of a **carrier-free spherical peptide nanovaccine** (MAP NVs) assembled from a covalent conjugate of the TLR4 agonist **MPLA** and a MUC1-targeting motif (MPLA-Maa) together with a Leu-His modified MUC1 peptide (LMP). - MAP NVs had a mean particle size of 169.85 ± 4.05 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.308 ± 0.021, and zeta potential −19.10 ± 1.00 mV, and were stable in vitro for more than 10 days. - In vitro assays showed MAP NVs significantly promoted **dendritic cell maturation and activation** and increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion. - In a B16-MUC1 melanoma mouse model, MAP NVs markedly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice compared with controls. - Mechanistic analyses indicated MAP NVs activated T cell responses: they promoted proliferation of **CD4+ and CD8+ T cells**, induced generation of **CD8+ central memory T cells**, and, after antigen restimulation, elevated secretion of TNF-α and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), consistent with durable immune memory. - The authors conclude that co-delivery of MPLA and LMP via a self-assembled, self-carrier nanovaccine effectively enhances antigen presentation and T cell–mediated anti-tumor immunity, offering a technical approach and experimental basis for tumor nanovaccine development. - Keywords highlighted in the source include anti-tumor immunity, immune memory, and nanovaccine.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42660827%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42660827%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42660827%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#abstract) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#similar) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#substances) Title & authors Abstract Similar articles MeSH terms Substances Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhongguo+Yi+Xue+Ke+Xue+Yuan+Xue+Bao%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhongguo+Yi+Xue+Ke+Xue+Yuan+Xue+Bao%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) . 2026 Aug 30;48(4):591-601. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094. # Construction and Antitumor Efficacy of an Antigen-Adjuvant Self-Carrier Spherical Peptide Nanovaccine [Yi-Jie Zhan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhan+YJ&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China."), [Ru-Dan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+RD&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China."), [Ying-Ying Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+YY&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China."), [Yi-Tong Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+YT&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#full-view-affiliation-2 "School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China."), [Lan-Xia Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+LX&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China. * 2 School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China. * PMID: **42660827** * DOI: [ 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094 ](https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.17094) Item in Clipboard # Construction and Antitumor Efficacy of an Antigen-Adjuvant Self-Carrier Spherical Peptide Nanovaccine Yi-Jie Zhan et al. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhongguo+Yi+Xue+Ke+Xue+Yuan+Xue+Bao%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhongguo+Yi+Xue+Ke+Xue+Yuan+Xue+Bao%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) . 2026 Aug 30;48(4):591-601. doi: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094. ### Authors [Yi-Jie Zhan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhan+YJ&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China."), [Ru-Dan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+RD&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China."), [Ying-Ying Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+YY&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China."), [Yi-Tong Sun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sun+YT&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#short-view-affiliation-2 "School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China."), [Lan-Xia Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+LX&cauthor_id=42660827)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Gene Engineering Laboratory，Institute of Biomedical Engineering，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College，Tianjin 300192，China. * 2 School of Life Science and Biopharmaceuticals，Shenyang Pharmaceutical University，Shenyang 110016，China. * PMID: **42660827** * DOI: [ 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.17094 ](https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.17094) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/#zho-abstract) Objective To construct a novel carrier-free nanovaccine to trigger a strong anti-tumor immune effect in the body. Methods The Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A （MPLA） was covalently conjugated with mucin 1 （MUC1）-targeting amino acid motif （Maa） to form MPLA-Maa monomer molecules.Subsequently，MPLA-Maa was self-assembled with Leu-His modified MUC1 polypeptide （LMP） to construct the nanovaccine system （MAP NVs）. Results MAP NVs exhibited a particle size of （169.85±4.05） nm，a polydispersity index of 0.308±0.021，and the Zeta potential of （-19.10±1.00） mV，and remained stable _in vitro_ for over 10 days.Cell experiments showed that the nanovaccine significantly promoted dendritic cell maturation and activation and promoted tumor necrosis factor-α secretion.In the B16-MUC1 melanoma model，MAP NVs demonstrated remarkable antitumor effects，significantly inhibiting tumor growth and prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice.Mechanism analysis further revealed that MAP NVs effectively activated T cell immune response，promoted the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells，and induced the production of CD8+ central memory T cells.After antigen restimulation，the secretion levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were significantly elevated，which indicated long-lasting immune memory. Conclusions A carrier-free spherical peptide nanovaccine based on the co-delivery strategy of MPLA and LMP was successfully constructed.By promoting dendritic cell activation and enhancing T cell immune response，this system exhibits significant antitumor activity and long-lasting immune memory effect.This study provides a new technical approach and an experimental basis for developing nanovaccines against tumors. 目的 构建一种新型自组装纳米疫苗，激发机体产生强抗肿瘤免疫效应。方法 通过将Toll样受体4激动剂单磷酰脂质A（MPLA）与靶向抗原黏蛋白1（MUC1）的氨基酸残基（Maa）共价耦联，形成MPLA-Maa单体分子，进而负载亮氨酸（Leu）和组氨酸（His）重复序列修饰的MUC1抗原表位多肽（LMP）通过自组装构建纳米疫苗体系（MAP NVs）。结果 MAP NVs的粒径为（169.85±4.05） nm（聚合物分散性指数：0.308±0.021），Zeta电位为（-19.10±1.00） mV，且在体外可稳定10 d以上。细胞实验表明，该纳米疫苗在体外可显著促进树突状细胞成熟与活化，促进肿瘤坏死因子-α分泌。在小鼠B16-MUC1黑色素瘤模型中，MAP NVs治疗组具有显著的抗肿瘤效果，可显著抑制肿瘤生长，延长荷瘤小鼠生存期。机制研究显示，MAP NVs能够有效激活T细胞免疫应答，促进CD4+及CD8+ T细胞增殖，并诱导机体产生CD8+中央记忆T细胞；在抗原再刺激后，体内肿瘤坏死因子-α与干扰素-γ的分泌水平显著上升，具有较好的免疫记忆。结论 成功构建一种基于佐剂MPLA与抗原多肽LMP共递送策略的自载体球形多肽纳米疫苗，该纳米疫苗可有效促进树突状细胞活化及增强T细胞抗肿瘤免疫效应，为肿瘤纳米疫苗的构建提供了新的技术路径和实验基础。. **Keywords:** anti-tumor immunity; immune memory; nanovaccine. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Antigen epitope-TLR7/8a conjugate as self-assembled carrier-free nanovaccine for personalized immunotherapy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35007785/) Song H, Su Q, Shi W, Huang P, Zhang C, Zhang C, Liu Q, Wang W.Song H, et al.Acta Biomater. 2022 Mar 15;141:398-407. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.004. Epub 2022 Jan 8.Acta Biomater. 2022.PMID: 35007785 * [ Intramuscular All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Adjuvanted Nanovaccine Elicits Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity Against _Helicobacter pylori_. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41488860/) Xu J, Sun M, Wang N, Shi Y, Liu Y, Tan R, Zhou S, Guo G, Liu K.Xu J, et al.Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Dec 28;20:15847-15861. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S557242. eCollection 2025.Int J Nanomedicine. 2025.PMID: 41488860Free PMC article. * [ A General Strategy toward Self-assembled Nanovaccine Based on Cationic Lentinan to Induce Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38940386/) Yu R, Jin L, Song Z, Jiao L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Guan S, Zhang Z, Wang D, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhang S, Cai T, Sun H, Qiu Y, Miao J, Liu Z.Yu R, et al.Small. 2024 Oct;20(43):e2402792. doi: 10.1002/smll.202402792. Epub 2024 Jun 28.Small. 2024.PMID: 38940386 * [ Self-Adjuvanting Adenoviral Nanovaccine for Effective T-Cell-Mediated Immunity and Long-Lasting Memory Cell Activation against Tuberculosis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39463350/) Sowndharya CK, Mehnath S, Ponbharathi A, Jeyaraj M.Sowndharya CK, et al.ACS Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 8;10(11):3939-3950. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00619. Epub 2024 Oct 28.ACS Infect Dis. 2024.PMID: 39463350 * [ Erythrocyte Membrane-Enveloped Polymeric Nanoparticles as Nanovaccine for Induction of Antitumor Immunity against Melanoma. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26153897/) Guo Y, Wang D, Song Q, Wu T, Zhuang X, Bao Y, Kong M, Qi Y, Tan S, Zhang Z.Guo Y, et al.ACS Nano. 2015 Jul 28;9(7):6918-33. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01042. Epub 2015 Jul 14.ACS Nano. 2015.PMID: 26153897 [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42660827) ## MeSH terms * Adjuvants, Immunologic Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Adjuvants%2C+Immunologic%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Adjuvants%2C+Immunologic) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Cancer Vaccines* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cancer+Vaccines%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cancer+Vaccines) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Dendritic Cells Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Dendritic+Cells%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Dendritic+Cells) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Lipid A / analogs & derivatives Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Lipid+A%2Fanalogs+and+derivatives%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Lipid+A) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Melanoma, Experimental Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Melanoma%2C+Experimental%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Melanoma%2C+Experimental) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Mice Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Mice, Inbred C57BL Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mice%2C+Inbred+C57BL%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice%2C+Inbred+C57BL) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Mucin-1 / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mucin-1%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mucin-1) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Nanoparticles Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nanoparticles%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nanoparticles) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Nanovaccines Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nanovaccines%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Nanovaccines) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Protein Subunit Vaccines Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Protein+Subunit+Vaccines%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Protein+Subunit+Vaccines) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Toll-Like+Receptor+Agonists%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Toll-Like+Receptor+Agonists) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) ## Substances * Nanovaccines Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Nanovaccines%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Nanovaccines%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Mucin-1 Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mucin-1%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Mucin-1%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42660827/) * Cancer Vaccines Actions * [ Search in PubM
## Related Clinical Research

- [Glutamine–Ammonium Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42663286.md) (DOI: 10.3892/or.2026.9186)
- [Cassidy report faults FDA oversight of mifepristone manufacturers](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-5-stat-cassidy-criticizes-fda-oversight-of-abortion-pill-manufacturers-in-new.md)
- [BINSA bill could protect U.S. biotech — but a loophole may enable ‘Eurowashing’](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-4-opinion-stat-a-bill-is-supposed-to-protect-u-s-biotech-from-chinese-competition.md)
- [Percutaneous hepatic perfusion vs best alternative care for metastatic uveal melanoma: meta-analys](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42330566.md) (DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2026.116893)
- [Timing of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Infusions in Operable NSCLC: Study Aim and Me](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-17-impact-of-time-of-day-and-timing-interval-of-neoadjuvant-immunotherapy-and.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Pharmacology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.