---
title: "Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Cognitive Research: Methods, Findings, and Gaps"
id: "pubmed-42560615"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42560615"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/"
doi: "10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1"
published_at: "2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Scoping Review"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes Cognitive Research: Methods, Findings, and Gaps
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42560615
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/)
- **DOI:** [10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11892-026-01638-1)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Scoping Review
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This scoping review mapped how **continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)** has been applied in studies of **cognitive function** in people with diabetes, aiming to describe methods, identify gaps, and guide future research. - The authors followed Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and searched five electronic databases: **PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PsycINFO**. - Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review; cognitive outcomes were mapped to the **International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)** framework. - CGM data completeness across included studies was high, with **84–100%** of expected CGM data captured, supporting feasibility of intensive glucose monitoring in cognitive research in diabetes. - Considerable heterogeneity existed in cognitive domains assessed and assessment tools used; most studies targeted **executive function, memory, and attention**, while psychomotor, language, and perceived cognitive function were less frequently measured. - More than ten distinct instruments were used to assess memory and executive function across studies, limiting comparability. - Across studies, similar cognitive domains were examined regardless of which specific CGM metrics were reported, indicating variability in metric selection without clear domain-specific patterns. - The review highlights substantial methodological variability in both CGM metrics and cognitive assessments and calls for greater standardization to improve cross-study comparability. - The authors suggest that standardized approaches are needed to advance **CGM-informed cognitive research** and to support development of personalized interventions to optimize glucose management for cognitive health in people with diabetes. - The article declares no competing interests and states it contains no studies with human or animal subjects performed by the authors.
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. jeeyeonk@umich.edu. * 2 Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea. * 3 School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. * 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. * PMID: **42560615** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1) Item in Clipboard Review # Applications of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Cognitive Research in Diabetes: a Scoping Review Jeeyeon Kim et al. Curr Diab Rep. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Curr Diab Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) . 2026 Aug 6;26(1):24. doi: 10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1. ### Authors [Jeeyeon Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+J&cauthor_id=42560615)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. jeeyeonk@umich.edu."), [Jayeong Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+J&cauthor_id=42560615)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea."), [Heather Cuevas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cuevas+H&cauthor_id=42560615)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/#short-view-affiliation-3 "School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA."), [Anna Kratz](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kratz+A&cauthor_id=42560615)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. jeeyeonk@umich.edu. * 2 Seoul National University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea. * 3 School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. * 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex Building 16, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. * PMID: **42560615** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-026-01638-1) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Purpose of review:** Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has increasingly been incorporated into studies examining cognitive function in people with diabetes. This scoping review systematically maps how CGM has been applied in cognitive research among individuals with diabetes to characterize current methodological approaches, identify key knowledge gaps, and inform future research. **Recent findings:** A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. A systematic search of five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO) was performed. Cognitive outcomes were extracted and mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. CGM data completeness was consistently high, with 84-100% of expected CGM data captured, supporting the feasibility of intensive glucose monitoring in cognitive research in diabetes. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in cognitive domains and assessment tools. Most studies evaluated executive function, memory, and attention, whereas psychomotor, language, and perceived cognitive functions were less frequently assessed. More than 10 distinct instruments were used to assess memory and executive function. Across studies, similar cognitive domains were examined regardless of the specific CGM metrics employed. Research examining CGM and cognitive function in diabetes is characterized by substantial methodological variability in both CGM metrics and cognitive assessments. These findings underscore the need for greater standardization to improve cross-study comparability and to advance CGM-informed cognitive research, including the development of personalized interventions to support cognitive health through optimized glucose management in people with diabetes. **Keywords:** Cognitive function; Continuous glucose monitoring; Diabetes; Scoping review. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Banday MZ, Sameer AS, Nissar S. Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J Med. 2020;10(4):174 − 88. doi: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20. 2. 1. Raghuveer P, Shamsudeen M, Sridhar S, Singla R, Gupta V, Mittal N, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with cognitive impairment among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in medical college hospitals of South India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2025;31:101887. doi: . 3. 1. Satapathy P, Pratima P, Gaidhane AM, Vadia N, Menon SV, Chennakesavulu K, et al. Prevalence and impact of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus on cognitive impairment and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025;17(1):187. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01759-9) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40457490/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/12131598/) 4. 1. Aderinto N, Olatunji G, Abdulbasit M, Ashinze P, Faturoti O, Ajagbe A, et al. The impact of diabetes in cognitive impairment: a review of current evidence and prospects for future investigations. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(43):e35557. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035557) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37904406/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/10615478/) 5. 1. Wang J, Bai X, Lin K, Sun C, Wu Q, Zhang R, et al. Social isolation in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a pathway analysis. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1562186. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1562186. Show all 47 references ## Publication types * Scoping Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scoping+Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Scoping+Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) ## MeSH terms * Blood Glucose* / analysis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood+Glucose%2Fanalysis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Blood+Glucose) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Cognition* / physiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cognition%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cognition) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Continuous Glucose Monitoring Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) ## Substances * Blood Glucose Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Blood+Glucose%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Blood+Glucose%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) ## Grants and funding * [ MB-2307-42800/National Multiple Sclerosis Society ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=MB-2307-42800%2FNational+Multiple+Sclerosis+Society%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for grant MB-2307-42800/National Multiple Sclerosis Society") [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42560615%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42560615%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42560615%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42560615/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 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