---
title: "Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Evaluation of"
id: "pubmed-42808545"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42808545"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/"
doi: "10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215"
published_at: "2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Evaluation of
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42808545
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/)
- **DOI:** [10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215](https://doi.org/10.18553%2Fjmcp.2026.32.10.1215)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This prospective pre–post study evaluated personal use of **continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)** (G7) in adults with poorly controlled non‑insulin‑treated **type 2 diabetes (T2D)** (A1c ≥ 8%) over 6 months. - Primary clinical endpoints were changes in **A1c** and scores on the Audit of Diabetes‑Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL). Health care utilization, medication use, and claims-based glycemic events were assessed in a 76‑patient claims subgroup. - Of 217 enrolled patients (mean age 58.3 ± 11.5 years; 75% White; 58% male), baseline median A1c was 8.60% (IQR 8.20–9.10) and mean A1c 8.96% ± 1.24%. Common comorbidities included hyperlipidemia (73%), hypertension (70%), and obesity (44%). - A1c decreased significantly at 3 and 6 months after CGM initiation (median changes −1.10% and −1.40%; mean changes −1.28% and −1.42%; P < 0.001). Adjusted mean A1c change was −1.32 percentage points at 3 months and −1.48 percentage points at 6 months (both P < 0.001). - Proportion meeting ADA (<7%) and HEDIS (<8%) A1c targets rose from 0% at baseline to 26.4% and 50.9% at 6 months, respectively (both P < 0.001). Hyperglycemic events declined from 53.7% at baseline to 16.3% at 6 months, though this change was not statistically significant in the claims subgroup. - No significant changes were observed in health care utilization, medication adherence, or medication burden over the 6‑month period. Greater CGM use and higher time in range correlated with improved A1c and glucose management indicator results. - Patient‑reported perceived quality of life (good‑to‑excellent) increased from 24.1% at baseline to 45.8% at 6 months, while weighted ADDQoL scores remained stable overall. - Authors conclude that CGM use in non‑insulin‑treated T2D was associated with improved glycemic control and perceived quality of life with stable health care utilization and medication therapy; study funding was provided by Dexcom, Inc.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles References MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources J Manag Care Spec Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Manag+Care+Spec+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Manag+Care+Spec+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/) . 2026 Oct;32(10):1215-1226. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215. # Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring outcomes and health care resource utilization in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes [Shannon Gadd](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gadd+S&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Physician Assistant Education and Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City."), [Connor Willis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Willis+C&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Ishfaq Rashid](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rashid+I&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-3 "CEVR, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA."), [Kyu Yun Park](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Park+KY&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Kayla Holland](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holland+K&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Amy Beal](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Beal+A&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-5 "SelectHealth, Murray, UT."), [Carl Asche](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Asche+C&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Priyanka Ghule](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ghule+P&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA."), [Diana Brixner](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brixner+D&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Physician Assistant Education and Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. * 2 Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City. * 3 CEVR, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. * 4 Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. * 5 SelectHealth, Murray, UT. * PMID: **42808545** * PMCID: **PMC13621895** (available on 2026-10-01) * DOI: [ 10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215 ](https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215) Item in Clipboard # Evaluation of continuous glucose monitoring outcomes and health care resource utilization in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes Shannon Gadd et al. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2026 Oct. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Manag Care Spec Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Manag+Care+Spec+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Manag+Care+Spec+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/) . 2026 Oct;32(10):1215-1226. doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215. ### Authors [Shannon Gadd](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gadd+S&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Division of Physician Assistant Education and Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City."), [Connor Willis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Willis+C&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Ishfaq Rashid](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rashid+I&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-3 "CEVR, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA."), [Kyu Yun Park](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Park+KY&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Kayla Holland](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holland+K&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Amy Beal](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Beal+A&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-5 "SelectHealth, Murray, UT."), [Carl Asche](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Asche+C&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City."), [Priyanka Ghule](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ghule+P&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA."), [Diana Brixner](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Brixner+D&cauthor_id=42808545)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42808545/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City.") ### Affiliations * 1 Division of Physician Assistant Education and Sciences, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City. * 2 Pharmacotherapy Outcomes Research Center, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City. * 3 CEVR, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. * 4 Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA. * 5 SelectHealth, Murray, UT. * PMID: **42808545** * PMCID: **PMC13621895** (available on 2026-10-01) * DOI: [ 10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215 ](https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2026.32.10.1215) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract **Background:** Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is well established for insulin-treated diabetes, its utility in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains less studied. **Objective:** To evaluate the short-term clinical and economic outcomes following personal use of CGM in patients with T2D. **Methods:** This prospective pre-post study enrolled adults with poorly controlled non-insulin-treated T2D (hemoglobin A1c ≥8%; target N = 200) initiating G7 CGM and observed them for 6 months. Primary endpoints were changes in A1c and Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) scores. Glycemic events, health care utilization, and medication use were evaluated in a subgroup with claims data. Baseline was defined as the 3 months before CGM initiation. Changes at 3 and 6 months were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariable analysis of covariance models evaluated A1c change, adjusting for baseline A1c and clinical covariates. ADDQoL was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and fixed effects for time, whereas Cuzick's test assessed quality-of-life trends. **Results:** Of 217 enrolled patients, a subgroup of 76 had claims data. Most were White (75%) and male (58%), with mean age 58.3±11.5 years. Baseline median A1c was 8.60% (IQR = 8.20-9.10), and mean A1c was 8.96%±1.24%. Prevalent comorbidities included hyperlipidemia (73%), hypertension (70%), and obesity (44%). A1c significantly decreased at 3 and 6 months after CGM (median: -1.10%, -1.40%; mean: -1.28%, -1.42%; _P_ 2. 1. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. _BMJ_. 2000
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