---
title: "Depression and Long-Term HbA1c Variability Linked to Higher Cardiovascular‑Renal Risk in Type 2 Di"
id: "pubmed-42671118"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671118"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/"
doi: "10.1002/dmrr.70222"
published_at: "2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Depression and Long-Term HbA1c Variability Linked to Higher Cardiovascular‑Renal Risk in Type 2 Di
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42671118
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/dmrr.70222](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdmrr.70222)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Source: Peer‑reviewed article in Diabetes Metab Res Rev (2026 Sep;42(6):e70222), PMID 42671118, DOI 10.1002/dmrr.70222. - Authors: Kelly T C Wong et al.; affiliations include the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, Department of Psychiatry, and Asia Diabetes Foundation at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. - Population/condition: Adults with **Type‑2 diabetes** (explicit study population details not reported in the available source text). - Primary reported association (from the article title): **Depression** and long‑term **HbA1c variability** are stated to be additively associated with increased risk of **cardiovascular‑renal outcomes**, **severe hypoglycaemia**, and **mortality** in Type‑2 diabetes. - The title indicates an additive relationship between the two risk factors rather than solely independent effects. - Article metadata are provided (journal, volume, issue, e‑number) but the abstract, methods, numerical results, effect sizes, follow‑up duration, sample size, statistical adjustments, and detailed outcomes were not present in the provided source text. - Because the available source content is truncated, study design, inclusion/exclusion criteria, measures of HbA1c variability, diagnostic criteria for depression, and quantitative risk estimates were not reported and cannot be inferred. - Clinical implications suggested by the title: combined assessment of mental health (**depression**) and glycaemic stability (**HbA1c variability**) may be relevant for risk stratification in Type‑2 diabetes, but specific practice recommendations were not reported in the source text. - Users should consult the full article for methods, results, and validated clinical recommendations; those details were not available in the supplied content.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#abstract) * [Similar articles](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#similar) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#references) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#substances) * [ Grants and funding ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#grants) Title & authors Abstract Similar articles References MeSH terms Substances Grants and funding Diabetes Metab Res Rev Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Metab+Res+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Diabetes+Metab+Res+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/) . 2026 Sep;42(6):e70222. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.70222. # Depression and Long-Term HbA1c Variability Are Additively Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular-Renal Outcomes, Severe Hypoglycaemia and Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes [Kelly T C Wong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wong+KTC&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Edith W K Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EWK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Eric S H Lau](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lau+ESH&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Chun Kwan O](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=O+CK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Alice P S Kong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kong+APS&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Ronald C W Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+RCW&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Andrea O Y Luk](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luk+AOY&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Elaine Y K Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EYK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Yun Kwok Wing](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wing+YK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Juliana C N Chan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chan+JCN&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Juliana N M Lui](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lui+JNM&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. * 2 Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. * 3 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. * 4 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. * 5 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. * 6 Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China. * PMID: **42671118** * DOI: [ 10.1002/dmrr.70222 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70222) Item in Clipboard # Depression and Long-Term HbA1c Variability Are Additively Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular-Renal Outcomes, Severe Hypoglycaemia and Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes Kelly T C Wong et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2026 Sep. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Diabetes Metab Res Rev Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Metab+Res+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Diabetes+Metab+Res+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/) . 2026 Sep;42(6):e70222. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.70222. ### Authors [Kelly T C Wong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wong+KTC&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Edith W K Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EWK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Eric S H Lau](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lau+ESH&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Chun Kwan O](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=O+CK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Alice P S Kong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kong+APS&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Ronald C W Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+RCW&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Andrea O Y Luk](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luk+AOY&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Elaine Y K Chow](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chow+EYK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Yun Kwok Wing](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wing+YK&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China."), [Juliana C N Chan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chan+JCN&cauthor_id=42671118)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671118/#sh
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