---
title: "Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer Risk: Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms"
id: "pubmed-42364319"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42364319"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer Risk: Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42364319
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2026.154205)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Diabetes mellitus and cancer are major global health burdens; recent research synthesizes epidemiological associations and molecular mechanisms linking the two conditions. - Epidemiological evidence shows **organ-specific** associations: diabetes increases risk for **hepatocellular carcinoma**, **pancreatic cancer**, **breast cancer**, and **colorectal cancer**, while showing an inverse association with **prostate cancer**. - The diabetes–cancer relationship varies by geographic region, population, and diabetes subtype according to reviewed studies. - Classical molecular mechanisms include **hyperinsulinemia** acting via the **insulin/IGF-1 axis** to activate **PI3K/AKT/mTOR** and **Ras/MAPK/ERK** signaling, promoting tumor cell proliferation. - **Hyperglycemia** contributes by enhancing the **Warburg effect**, promoting accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and inducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation—creating a tumor-favorable microenvironment. - Emerging research expands beyond hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia to mechanisms such as tumor microenvironment remodeling, **epigenetics**, and **immunometabolism**. - New mechanistic insights include systemic communication by **exosomes**, identification of novel signaling molecules (e.g., **INHBB**, **FIBCD1**), and remodeling of **Schwann cells** within the tumor microenvironment. - Potential intervention targets highlighted include **INHBB**, **Gli-1**, **FIBCD1**, and **ERRα**, which may inform future screening, prevention, and treatment strategies. - The review notes no competing interests declared by the authors and presents its conclusions based on systematic analysis of recent epidemiological and molecular studies.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jun 26. # Research progress on the association between diabetes mellitus and risk of cancer: From epidemiology to molecular mechanisms [Yuxuan Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+Y&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#full-view-affiliation-1 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China."), [Shuhan Ju](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ju+S&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#full-view-affiliation-1 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China."), [Shanyi Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#full-view-affiliation-2 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control \(Yangzhou University\), Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. Electronic address: 008093@yzu.edu.cn.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. * 2 The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. Electronic address: 008093@yzu.edu.cn. * PMID: **42364319** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205) Item in Clipboard Review # Research progress on the association between diabetes mellitus and risk of cancer: From epidemiology to molecular mechanisms Yuxuan Huang et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Biochem Biophys Res Commun Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biochem+Biophys+Res+Commun%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Biochem+Biophys+Res+Commun%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/) . 2026 Sep 3:829:154205. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205. Epub 2026 Jun 26. ### Authors [Yuxuan Huang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huang+Y&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#short-view-affiliation-1 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China."), [Shuhan Ju](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ju+S&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#short-view-affiliation-1 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China."), [Shanyi Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42364319)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364319/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control \(Yangzhou University\), Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. Electronic address: 008093@yzu.edu.cn.") ### Affiliations * 1 The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. * 2 The First School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control (Yangzhou University), Yangzhou, 225009, PR China. Electronic address: 008093@yzu.edu.cn. * PMID: **42364319** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154205) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Diabetes mellitus and cancer represent two major global health burdens. This paper systematically reviews and analyzes recent research advances on the relationship between diabetes and cancer risk, encompassing both epidemiological and molecular mechanism studies. Epidemiological data indicate that the association between diabetes and cancer exhibits significant organ specificity, geographic and population variability, as well as type-specific differences. Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, yet exhibits a unique inverse association with prostate cancer risk. At the molecular level, hyperinsulinemia directly promotes tumor cell proliferation by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MAPK/ERK signaling pathways through the insulin/IGF-1 axis. Concurrently, hyperglycemia creates a favorable microenvironment for tumorigenesis by enhancing the Warburg effect, promoting advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation, and inducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Beyond the classical pathways of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes, recent research has explored novel directions, including tumor microenvironment remodeling, epigenetics, and immunometabolism. These discoveries encompass emerging mechanisms such as exosomes acting as long-range messengers of systemic metabolic disorders, novel key signaling molecules (e.g., inhibin subunit βB (INHBB) and fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1)), and the remodeling of Schwann cells within the tumor microenvironment. These mechanisms, coupled with potential intervention targets like INHBB, glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli-1), FIBCD1, and estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), offer novel clinical approaches for tumor screening, treatment, and prevention. **Keywords:** Cancer risk; Diabetes mellitus; Epidemiology; Molecular mechanism. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 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