---
title: "EEG‑BCI Closed‑Loop Strategy to Objectively Identify and Regulate Acupuncture “Deqi”"
id: "pubmed-42908451"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42908451"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/"
doi: "10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385"
published_at: "2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# EEG‑BCI Closed‑Loop Strategy to Objectively Identify and Regulate Acupuncture “Deqi”
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42908451
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/)
- **DOI:** [10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385](https://doi.org/10.13702%2Fj.1000-0607.20260385)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The review examined how **EEG‑BCI** technology is applied to analyze the peripheral-to-central neural mechanisms of acupuncture “**Deqi**”, and how closed‑loop systems might induce and sustain that state. - Investigators reviewed both domestic and international literature to characterize the peripheral initiation mechanisms and central neural response signatures associated with “Deqi”. - Data indicated that scalp **EEG**, because of its millisecond-level time resolution, can capture dynamic neural oscillation changes during the “Deqi” process in real time. - The study team reported that machine‑learning–based feature decoding from EEG enables more objective identification of the “Deqi” state compared with subjective patient report. - Authors noted that BCI‑driven closed‑loop feedback systems provide a technical path for more precise acupuncture interventions by actively regulating the sensory state defined as “Deqi”. - The review also identified persistent challenges: signal artifact interference, insufficient decoding accuracy, and heterogeneous research paradigms across studies. - Future priorities listed by the authors include development of dynamic network decoding techniques, deeper study of peripheral–central coupling mechanisms, and advancing system intelligence and standardization for clinical translation. - The article did not report new experimental data, numerical results, or specific closed‑loop protocols; it is a synthesis of existing literature and their analysis of current research status.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China. * 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007. * 3 College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208. * 4 First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China. 529488636@qq.com. * 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007. 529488636@qq.com. * PMID: **42908451** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385) Item in Clipboard Review # [Discussion on the closed-loop regulation strategy for acupuncture " _Deqi_ " based on brain-computer interface and its peripheral-central mechanisms] [Article in Chinese] Ling Yin et al. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/) . 2026 Oct 25;51(10):1354-1366. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385. ### Authors [Ling Yin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yin+L&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-1 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007."), [Yong Ye](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ye+Y&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-1 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007."), [Yuxiang Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+Y&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-3 "College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208."), [Jing Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+J&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-1 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007."), [Hui Zhou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhou+H&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-1 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007."), [Yuelun Tian](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tian+Y&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-1 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007."), [Rong Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+R&cauthor_id=42908451)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-4 "First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China. 529488636@qq.com.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#short-view-affiliation-5 "The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007. 529488636@qq.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China. * 2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007. * 3 College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208. * 4 First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China. 529488636@qq.com. * 5 The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007. 529488636@qq.com. * PMID: **42908451** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260385) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/#zho-abstract) It is held that "_Deqi_ " is the key to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture, but its evaluation has long relied on subjective feelings and lacks objective biological indicators. In the present article, we systematically review the current research status of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology based on electroencephalogram (EEG) in analyzing the peripheral-cerebral neural mechanism of "_Deqi_ ", and further explore how to utilize the closed-loop regulation ability of BCI to actively induce and maintain the "_Deqi_ " state. By integrating domestic and foreign literature, we analyzed the peripheral initiation mechanism and central response characteristics of "_Deqi_ ", and explored its application value of EEG-BCI in the objective identification and the construction of closed-loop feedback systems. Studies have demonstrated that EEG, with its millisecond-level time resolution, can capture the dynamic changes of neural oscillations during the "_Deqi_ " process in real time. The feature decoding method based on machine learning further realizes the objective identification of the "_Deqi_ " state, while the closed-loop feedback system constructed by BCI technology provides an innovative path for precise acupuncture treatment. However, this field still faces some challenges such as signal artifact interference, insufficient decoding accuracy, and inconsistent research paradigms. The deep integration of EEG-BCI with acupuncture medicine provides a key technical platform for decoding the scientific connotation of "_Deqi_ " and active regulation. In the future, efforts should be made to develop dynamic network decoding technology, further deepen the research on peripheral-cerebral coupling mechanisms, and promote the transformation of the system towards intelligence and standardization. 针灸“得气”是针刺疗效的关键，但其评价长期依赖主观感受，缺乏客观生物学指标。本文系统梳理基于脑电图（EEG）的脑机接口（BCI）技术在解析“得气”外周-中枢神经机制中的研究现状，进一步探讨如何利用BCI的闭环调控能力主动诱导和维持“得气”状态。通过整合国内外文献，分析“得气”的外周启动机制与中枢响应特征，阐述EEG-BCI在“得气”客观识别及闭环反馈系统构建中的应用价值。EEG能够实时捕捉“得气”过程中神经振荡动态，基于机器学习的特征解码方法进一步实现了对“得气”状态的客观识别，而由BCI驱动的闭环反馈策略则为精准化针灸治疗提供了创新路径。目前该领域仍面临信号伪迹干扰、解码精度不足及研究范式不统一等挑战。EEG-BCI与针灸学的深度融合，为解码“得气”科学内涵及主动调控提供了关键技术平台。未来应着力发展动态网络解码技术、深化外周-中枢耦合机制研究，并推进系统向智能化、标准化方向转化。. **Keywords:** Acupuncture; Brain-computer interface; Peripheral – central mechanism; “ Deqi ”. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. ## References 1. 1. Wang M, Liu W L, Ge J Y, et al. The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice[J]. Front Immunol, 2023, 14:1147718. 2. 1. Lyu X X, Fan Z L, Li S X, et al. Network meta-analysis of different acupuncture therapies in treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain(in Chinese)[J]. Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Chronic Diseases, 2026, 3(3):29-37. 3. 1. Su X, Yang S, Quan T W, et al. Advanced research on the mechanism and signaling pathway of acupuncture on nerve regeneration and repair(in Chinese)[J]. Journal of Li-shizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2025, 36(10):1938-1943. 4. 1. Zhong F, Cao Y, Luo R, et al. Clinical study on bidirectional regulation effects of electroacupuncture at Quchi(LI11)combined with Shangjuxu(ST37)in treating functional bowel disorders(in Chinese)[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2018, 13(3):722-726. 5. 1. Gao J, Meng X Y, Sun Y J. Study on the efficacy and neurological function impact of the method of nourishing yin, unblocking meridians and relaxing spasms combined with the acupuncture method of regulating spirit and relaxing spasms in the treatment of post-cerebral stroke paralysis:review of "Acupuncture Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment for Cerebral Stroke"(in Chinese)[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2025, 20(8):1410. Show all 87 references ## Publication types * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/) * English Abstract Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22English+Abstract%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=English+Abstract) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/) ## MeSH terms * Acupuncture Therapy* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acupuncture+Therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Acupuncture+Therapy) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908451/) * Brain* / physiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brain%2Fphysiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=B
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