---
title: "Effectiveness of Omicron JN.1 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1-Derived Subvariants in Dutch Cohort"
id: "pubmed-42585808"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42585808"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030"
published_at: "2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Effectiveness of Omicron JN.1 Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1-Derived Subvariants in Dutch Cohort
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42585808
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129030)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study evaluated the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the Omicron JN.1 COVID-19 vaccine against infection with SARS-CoV-2 JN.1-derived subvariants in the Netherlands. - The prospective cohort study (VASCO) included participants eligible for JN.1 vaccination: adults aged 60 years or older, and adults under 60 with medical risk conditions or healthcare worker status. - Data collection comprised questionnaires, serology tests, and self-administered SARS-CoV-2 tests; infections were identified via self-reported positive test results and/or anti-nucleoprotein serology. - Viral variants were identified by whole genome sequencing of viral material from positive self-tests. - Vaccine effectiveness was assessed using Cox regression for overall JN.1 vaccination and multinomial logistic regression for specific subvariants KP.3.1.1 and XEC. - The study adjusted analyses for age group, sex, education, medical risk condition, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. - Among 4,490 participants under 60 years, 29% were vaccinated; among 19,349 aged 60 or older, 74% were vaccinated. - A total of 2,142 infections occurred during the 5-month follow-up, primarily self-reported. - VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was modest, estimated at 16% (95% CI: -11 to 36) for younger participants, and 13% (95% CI: 2 to 23) for older participants. - VE was not significantly different between the KP.3.1.1 and XEC subvariants, though point estimates suggested potentially lower protection against XEC. - The study was conducted in a period of low SARS-CoV-2 incidence, potentially influencing VE estimates. - No competing financial interests were declared by the authors.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 12. # Effectiveness of Omicron JN.1 vaccination against infection with JN.1-derived SARS-CoV-2 subvariants in a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands [Anne J Huiberts](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huiberts+AJ&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: anne.huiberts@rivm.nl."), [Dirk Eggink](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eggink+D&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Brechje de Gier](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Gier+B&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Thimon Karens](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Karens+T&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Hester E de Melker](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Melker+HE&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Susan J M Hahné](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hahn%C3%A9+SJM&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Diederick E Grobbee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Grobbee+DE&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht \(UMCU\), Utrecht, The Netherlands."), [Janneke H H M van de Wijgert](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+de+Wijgert+JHHM&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht \(UMCU\), Utrecht, The Netherlands."), [Susan van den Hof](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+den+Hof+S&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Mirjam J Knol](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Knol+MJ&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: anne.huiberts@rivm.nl. * 2 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. * 3 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands. * PMID: **42585808** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030) Free article Item in Clipboard # Effectiveness of Omicron JN.1 vaccination against infection with JN.1-derived SARS-CoV-2 subvariants in a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands Anne J Huiberts et al. Vaccine. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/) . 2026 Sep 17:90:129030. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030. Epub 2026 Aug 12. ### Authors [Anne J Huiberts](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huiberts+AJ&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: anne.huiberts@rivm.nl."), [Dirk Eggink](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Eggink+D&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Brechje de Gier](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Gier+B&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Thimon Karens](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Karens+T&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Hester E de Melker](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Melker+HE&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Susan J M Hahné](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hahn%C3%A9+SJM&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Diederick E Grobbee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Grobbee+DE&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht \(UMCU\), Utrecht, The Netherlands."), [Janneke H H M van de Wijgert](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+de+Wijgert+JHHM&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht \(UMCU\), Utrecht, The Netherlands."), [Susan van den Hof](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=van+den+Hof+S&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands."), [Mirjam J Knol](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Knol+MJ&cauthor_id=42585808)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585808/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment \(RIVM\), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.") ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: anne.huiberts@rivm.nl. * 2 Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. * 3 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands. * PMID: **42585808** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Introduction:** We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of JN.1 COVID-19 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection by (sub)variant between 23 September 2024 and 23 February 2025. **Methods:** JN.1 vaccine-eligible participants of an ongoing prospective cohort study (VAccine Study COvid-19; VASCO) were included: individuals aged ≥60 years, and individuals aged <60 years with a medical risk condition or who were healthcare workers. In VASCO, questionnaire and serology data are regularly collected and self-tests are provided. SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on reported positive self-tests and/or anti-nucleoprotein serology results. The variant of infection was determined by whole genome sequencing of viral genetic material in positive self-tests. VE against infection was estimated using Cox regression with JN.1-vaccination as time-varying exposure, and VE against JN.1 subvariants KP.3.1.1 and XEC using multinomial logistic regression with matching of infected and uninfected participants by calendar week. Models were adjusted for age group, sex, education level, medical risk condition and SARS-CoV-2 infection history. **Results:** Of 4490 JN.1-vaccine eligible participants <60 years, 1283 (29%) were vaccinated. Of 19,349 participants ≥60 years, 14,400 (74%) were vaccinated. During follow-up 2142 infections occurred, of which the majority was self-reported (72%). VE was 16% (95%CI: -11-36) in participants <60 years and 13% (95%CI: 2-23) in participants ≥60 years. VE against KP.3.1.1 (n = 251;27%) did not differ significantly from the VE against XEC (n = 195;5%)(OR:1.3; 0.8-2.1). **Conclusion:** We found that, during a 5-month study period with low incidence, JN.1-vaccination provided limited added protection in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. The observed VE estimates indicate potentially lower protection against XEC than KP.3.1.1, but the power to detect such a difference was low. **Keywords:** COVID-19; Cohort study; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine effectiveness. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Effectiveness of JN.1-adapted COVID-19 vaccine against medically attended SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization in adults in Japan, from October 2024 to April 2025: VERSUS. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41932291/) Maeda H, Saito N, Igarashi A, Ishida M, Terada M, Osawa R, Hosokawa N, Nakashima K, Motohashi I, Kamura H, Hayakawa T, Teshigahara O, Asami S, Kudo S, Matono T, Oda R, Ohara Y, Morikawa T, Sugimoto Y, Imura H, Sando E, Kuwamitsu O, Kishaba T, Fujisawa A, Ohno S, Masuda S, Suzuki M, Morimoto K.Maeda H, et al.Vaccine. 2026 Apr 30;80:128544. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128544. Epub 2026 Apr 2.Vaccine. 2026.PMID: 41932291 * [ Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 hospitalization with the Alpha, Delta, or Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A nationwide Danish cohort study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048766/) Gram MA, Emborg HD, Schelde AB, Friis NU, Nielsen KF, Moustsen-Helms IR, Legarth R, Lam JUH, Chaine M, Malik AZ, Rasmussen M, Fonager J, Sieber RN, Stegger M, Ethelberg S, Valentiner-Branth P, Hansen CH.Gram MA, et al.PLoS Med. 2022 Sep 1;19(9):e1003992. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003992. eCollection 2022 Sep.PLoS Med. 2022.PMID: 36048766Free PMC article. * [ Estimated Effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccination Against Severe COVID-19. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41632473/) Ma KC, Webber A, Lauring AS, Bendall E, Papalambros LK, Safdar B, Ginde AA, Peltan ID, Brown SM, Gaglani M, Ghamande S, Columbus C, Mohr NM, Gibbs KW, Hager DN, Prekker ME, Gong MN, Mohamed A, Johnson NJ, Khan A, Hough CL, Duggal A, Wilson JG, Qadir N, Chang SY, Mallow C, Busse LW, Kwon JH, Exline MC, Vaughn IA, Ramesh M, Mosier JM, Leis AM, Harris ES, Baughman A, Cornelison SA, Blair PW, Johnson CA, Lewis NM, Ellington S, Rice TW, Grijalva CG, Talbot HK, Casey JD, Halasa N, Chappell JD, Zhu Y, Self WH, Dawood FS, Surie D; Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network.Ma KC, et al.JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Feb 2;9(2):e2557415. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.57415.JAMA Netw Open. 2026.PMID: 41632473Free PMC article. * [ Vaccine effectiveness across the Omicron evolutionary spectrum (BA.2, BA.5, XBB, JN.1, KP.3): a systematic review of studies published 2022-2025. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975314/) Alhumaid S, Alkhars O, Algrafi AS, Dossary NA, Elhaj N, Majzoub RA, Turkistani JA, Alhumaid SM, Shaikh HAA, Aldiaram A, Alahmed AH, Alomran SA, AlQatifi MB, Alkolib MJ, Almubarak MS, Al-Helal H, Alhaddad AJ, Alsouaib HA, Albahrani AA, Aldera AH, Alnasser FM, Alhmeed N, Alsulaiman MS, Al Alawi Z, Alghazal HA.Alhumaid S, et al.BMC Infect Dis. 2026 Apr 14;26(1):1014. doi: 10.1186/s12879-026-13281-y.BMC Infect Dis. 2026.PMID: 41975314Free PMC article. * [ Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine
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