---
title: "Electroacupuncture Reduces Central Sensitization in NERD Rats via NGF/TrkA Pathway"
id: "pubmed-42621713"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42621713"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/"
doi: "10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161"
published_at: "2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "English Abstract"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Electroacupuncture Reduces Central Sensitization in NERD Rats via NGF/TrkA Pathway
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42621713
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/)
- **DOI:** [10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161](https://doi.org/10.13702%2Fj.1000-0607.20260161)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** English Abstract
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study evaluated the effect of **electroacupuncture (EA)** on central sensitization in a rat model of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) with liver-stomach disharmony. The investigation focused on the spinal cord **NGF/TrkA signaling pathway** and related synaptic markers. - Forty male SD rats were randomized into four groups (control, model, EA, medication), with 10 rats per group. The NERD model combined intraperitoneal ovalbumin + aluminum hydroxide sensitization and chronic tail-pinching stress. - EA was applied at acupoints Zhiyang (GV9), Shendao (GV11), Dazhui (GV14), and Baihui (GV20) 30 min daily for 2 weeks at 2 Hz and an intensity producing slight limb tremor. The medication group received omeprazole 1.8 mg/kg by gavage once daily for 2 weeks. - Behavioral and physiological endpoints included sucrose preference test, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) by von Frey, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) at graded pressures, esophageal acid perfusion, body weight, and serum gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) by ELISA. - Spinal cord molecular assessments comprised Western blot for **NGF**, **TrkA**, GluA1, and PSD95, qPCR for NGF and TrkA mRNA, and immunofluorescence for GluA1 and PSD95. Ultrastructural changes (spinal synaptic vesicles and esophageal epithelial intercellular space) were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). - Model rats showed reduced sucrose preference, MWT, body weight, visceral pain threshold, GAS and MTL, and increased AWR scores, synaptic vesicle number, widened esophageal epithelial intercellular spaces, and elevated NGF, TrkA, GluA1, PSD95 proteins and NGF/TrkA mRNA; GluA1 and PSD95 immunofluorescence intensity also increased. - Both EA and omeprazole reversed many model changes (improved sucrose preference, MWT, visceral pain threshold, serum MTL; decreased NGF, TrkA, PSD95 protein and TrkA mRNA). EA showed superior effects to medication on MWT and visceral pain threshold and additionally reduced AWR at higher pressures and increased serum GAS. - TEM after EA showed decreased spinal synaptic vesicles and partial restoration of esophageal epithelial intercellular spacing. Authors conclude EA can alleviate visceral hypersensitivity and reduce central sensitization in this NERD model, possibly by inhibiting spinal cord **NGF/TrkA signaling**. - Conflict of interest: none declared. Full methods, raw data points, and certain experimental details beyond those reported in the abstract were not provided in the source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement Similar articles References Publication types MeSH terms Substances Related information LinkOut - more resources Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/) . 2026 Aug 25;51(8):1033-1043. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161. # [Mechanism of electroacupuncture in improving central sensitization in rats with non-erosive reflux disease of liver-stomach disharmony pattern based on NGF/TrkA signaling pathway] [Article in Chinese] [Ming-Jie Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+MJ&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023."), [Ying-Hong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+YH&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023."), [Tian-Yi Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+TY&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Zhong-Qi Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+ZQ&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Shi-Yi Zheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zheng+SY&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Hang Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+H&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Lin-Ling Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+LL&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Ping-Ping Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+PP&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Cai-Rong Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+CR&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Chao-Ming Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+CM&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. czm6704@163.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. * 2 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023. * 3 Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. czm6704@163.com. * PMID: **42621713** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161) Free article Item in Clipboard # [Mechanism of electroacupuncture in improving central sensitization in rats with non-erosive reflux disease of liver-stomach disharmony pattern based on NGF/TrkA signaling pathway] [Article in Chinese] Ming-Jie Tang et al. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/) . 2026 Aug 25;51(8):1033-1043. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161. ### Authors [Ming-Jie Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+MJ&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023."), [Ying-Hong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+YH&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023."), [Tian-Yi Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+TY&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Zhong-Qi Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+ZQ&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Shi-Yi Zheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zheng+SY&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Hang Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+H&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Lin-Ling Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+LL&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Ping-Ping Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+PP&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Cai-Rong Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+CR&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China."), [Chao-Ming Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+CM&cauthor_id=42621713)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. czm6704@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. * 2 Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023. * 3 Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210022, China. czm6704@163.com. * PMID: **42621713** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20260161) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621713/#zho-abstract) **Objectives:** To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on central sensitization in rats with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) of liver-stomach disharmony pattern, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improving NERD. **Methods:** Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA, and medication (western medicine) groups (_n_ =10 per group). The NERD model of liver-stomach disharmony pattern was established by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (basic sensitization) combined with chronic tail-pinching stress stimulation. Rats in the EA group received EA stimulation (2 Hz, a strength that could induce a slight tremor of the limbs) at "Zhiyang" (GV9), "Shendao" (GV11), "Dazhui" (GV14), and "Baihui" (GV20) for 30 min, once daily for 2 consecutive weeks. Rats of the medication group received gavage of omeprazole (1.8 mg/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. The remaining 2 groups were administered an equal volume of distilled water. Before and after the intervention, the sucrose preference test was performed, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured using von Frey filaments. After the intervention, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test was conducted, followed by an esophageal acid perfusion test. After perfusion, the rats were euthanized for tissue collection. The number of synaptic vesicles in the spinal cord dorsal horns and the intercellular space of the esophageal mucosal epithelium were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The contents of serum gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) were measured by ELISA. The protein expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), glutamate receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluA1), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) in the spinal cord tissue were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of NGF and TrkA in the spinal cord were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The positive expression of GluA1 and PSD95 in the spinal cord was also assessed by immunofluorescence staining. **Results:** Compared with the control group, the model group showed a significant decrease in the sucrose preference rate, MWT, body weight, visceral pain threshold, and serum GAS and MTL contents (_P_ <0.01), and a significant increase in the AWR score of 40, 60, and 80 mmHg (_P_ <0.01), number of spinal synaptic vesicles, expression levels of NGF, TrkA, GluA1 and PSD95 proteins, and NGF and TrkA mRNAs, as well as the immunofluorescence intensity of GluA1 and PSD95 (_P_ <0.01). Following the intervention, the modeling induced decrease and increase of all the indexes (except for GluA1 protein expression) mentioned above in the EA group, and the modeling induced decreased levels of sucrose preference rate, MWT, body weight, visceral pain threshold, serum MTL, and the increased levels of the expression of NGF, TrkA, GluA1 and PSD95 proteins and TrkA mRNA in the medication group were reversed (_P_ <0.01, _P_ <0.05). The effect of EA was obviously superior to medication in up-regulating the levels of MWT and visceral pain threshold (_P_ <0.01). Results of TEM showed that in comparison with the control group, the number of synaptic vesicles in the spinal cord was increased, and the intercellular spaces of esophageal mucosal epithelial cells were apparently widened in the model group, while after EA intervention, the number of synaptic vesicles was significantly decreased, and the intercellular spaces of esophageal mucosal epithelial cells tended to recover. **Conclusions:** Electroacupuncture can alleviate visceral hypersensitivity and reduce central sensitization in rats with NERD of the liver-stomach disharmony type, which may be associated with its function in inhibiting NGF/TrkA signaling pathway of spinal cord. **目的** : 观察电针对肝胃不和型非糜烂性胃食管反流病（NERD）大鼠中枢敏化的影响，并探讨其作用机制。**方法** : 雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、电针组、西药组，每组10只。除空白组外，其余3组采用基础致敏（腹腔注射卵清蛋白+氢氧化铝佐剂）联合夹尾刺激构建肝胃不和型NERD模型。电针组予电针“至阳”“神道”“大椎”“百会”，每次30 min，1次/d，连续2周。西药组予奥美拉唑（1.8 mg·kg-1）灌胃，1次/d，连续2周。基础致敏后和干预结束后进行糖水偏好测试，并使用von Frey测痛仪测定大鼠的机械缩足反射阈值（MWT）。干预结束后，进行腹壁撤退反射（AWR）实验，最后进行食管酸灌注实验，灌注完成后处死大鼠并取材。采用透射电镜观察大鼠脊髓突触囊泡数量和食管黏膜上皮细胞间隙;ELISA法检测血清胃泌素（GAS）和胃动素（MTL）含量;Western blot法检测脊髓神经生长因子（NGF）、酪氨酸激酶A（TrkA）、谷氨酸受体AMPA型亚基1（GluA1）、突触后致密蛋白95（PSD95）蛋白表达水平;实时荧光定量PCR法检测脊髓NGF、TrkA mRNA表达水平;免疫荧光法检测脊髓GluA1、PSD95阳性表达水平。**结果** : 与空白组相比，模型组大鼠糖水偏好率降低（ _P_ <0.01），MWT降低（ _P_ <0.01），扩张压力为40、60、80 mmHg时AWR评分均升高（ _P_ <0.01），内脏疼痛阈值降低（ _P_ <0.01），脊髓突触囊泡数量明显增多，食管黏膜上皮细胞间隙明显增宽，血清GAS、MTL含量降低（ _P_ <0.01），脊髓组织中NGF、TrkA、GluA1、PSD95蛋白表达升高（ _P_ <0.01），NGF、TrkA mRNA表达升高（ _P_ <0.01），GluA1、PSD95蛋白平均荧光强度升高（ _P_ <0.01）。与模型组比较，电针组和西药组糖水偏好率、MWT、内脏疼痛阈值、血清MTL含量升高（ _P_ <0.01， _P_ <0.05），压力为40 mmHg时AWR评分下降（ _P_ <0.01， _P_ <0.05），脊髓组织NGF、PSD95、TrkA蛋白表达降低（ _P_ <0.01， _P_ <0.05），TrkA mRNA表达降低（ _P_ <0.01， _P_ <0.05）。电针组压力为60、80 mmHg时AWR评分降低（ _P_ <0.01），血清GAS含量升高（ _P_ <0.01），脊髓组织NGF mRNA表达降低（ _P_ <0.01），GluA1、PSD95平均荧光强度降低（ _P_ <0.01）。电针组和西药组大鼠的脊髓突触囊泡数量明显减少，食管黏膜上皮细胞间隙亦趋于恢复。与电针组比较，西药组的内脏疼痛阈值、MWT下降（ _P_ <0.01）。**结论** : 电针能够缓解肝胃不和型NERD大鼠的内脏高敏反应，降低中枢敏化，其机制可能与抑制NGF/TrkA通路有关。. **Keywords:** Central sensitization; Electroacupuncture; NGF/TrkA signaling pathway; Non-erosive reflux disease; Spinal cord; Visceral hypersensitivity. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. ## Similar articles * [ [Effect of electroacupuncture on intestinal mucosal barrier in IBS-D rats v
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