---
title: "Evodiamine reduces insulin resistance via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway"
id: "pubmed-42634086"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42634086"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/"
doi: "10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8"
published_at: "2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Evodiamine reduces insulin resistance via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42634086
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/)
- **DOI:** [10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-026-47326-8)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study evaluated the potential of **evodiamine (Evo)** to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes using a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and in vitro assays. - Databases identified 122 Evo-associated targets; 37 of these overlapped with IR-related targets. Key proteins in the intersection included **AKT1**, **STAT3**, **SRC**, and **PTGS2**. - Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses highlighted enrichment across multiple biological processes and pathways; the **PI3K/AKT signaling pathway** emerged as especially important for Evo’s effects on IR. - Molecular docking and MD analyses supported predicted interactions between Evo and core target proteins; these in silico results were used to prioritize targets for experimental validation. - In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, the model showed decreased glucose consumption and increased glucose production compared with controls; Evo treatment increased glucose consumption and reduced glucose production, with differences also observed versus metformin-treated cells. - Western blotting demonstrated that IR-HepG2 cells had reduced phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT); Evo dose-dependently restored p-PI3K and p-AKT levels similar to metformin. - The model group showed elevated phosphorylated IRS-1 (p-IRS-1) relative to controls; Evo reduced p-IRS-1 in IR-HepG2 cells, whereas metformin did not significantly lower p-IRS-1 in this study. - Immunofluorescence in IR-HepG2 cells visualized and quantified IRS-1, p-IRS-1, and **GLUT4** expression changes consistent with the Western blot findings and increased GLUT4 expression after Evo treatment. - CCK-8 assays were used to assess cell viability; the abstract reports use of these assays but specific viability data and Evo concentrations are not detailed in the abstract. - The authors conclude that Evo’s anti-IR effects are likely mediated by modulation of the **IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4** signaling axis, supporting Evo as a candidate for further study in IR and T2DM treatment research.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42634086%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/af7de7da-df5d-41c6-8de4-8c266af8ccfb/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42634086%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42634086%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#conflict-of-interest) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#references) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#mesh-terms) * [ Substances ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#substances) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement References MeSH terms Substances Sci Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sci+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Sci+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) . 2026 Aug 24;16(1):26376. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8. # Evodiamine may inhibit insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes through IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway [Xin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-1 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China."), [Na Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+N&cauthor_id=42634086)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of outpatient, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266555, China."), [Mingshan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+M&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Clinical College of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China."), [Jiayi Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+J&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, N0.528Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Shajing Subdistric, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, China."), [Le Tong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tong+L&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Acupuncture, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."), [Xurong Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-1 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China."), [Ailin Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+A&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China."), [Yuming Gu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gu+Y&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China."), [Bailin Song](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Song+B&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-7 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. hgkq203@163.com."), [Xinxing Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Nursing Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, 261042, Shandong Province, China. ygrhxxx2017@163.com."), [Jiamei Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chineseand Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. chenjiamei9608@163.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. * 2 Department of outpatient, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266555, China. * 3 Clinical College of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China. * 4 Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, N0.528Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Shajing Subdistric, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, China. * 5 Department of Acupuncture, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * 6 Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China. * 7 College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. hgkq203@163.com. * 8 Nursing Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, 261042, Shandong Province, China. ygrhxxx2017@163.com. * 9 Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chineseand Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. chenjiamei9608@163.com. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42634086** * DOI: [ 10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8 ](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8) Item in Clipboard # Evodiamine may inhibit insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes through IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway Xin Wang et al. Sci Rep. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Sci Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Sci+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Sci+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/) . 2026 Aug 24;16(1):26376. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8. ### Authors [Xin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-1 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China."), [Na Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+N&cauthor_id=42634086)[#](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-equal-contrib-explanation "Contributed equally")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of outpatient, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266555, China."), [Mingshan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+M&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Clinical College of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China."), [Jiayi Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+J&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, N0.528Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Shajing Subdistric, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, China."), [Le Tong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tong+L&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Acupuncture, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China."), [Xurong Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-1 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China."), [Ailin Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+A&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China."), [Yuming Gu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gu+Y&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China."), [Bailin Song](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Song+B&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-7 "College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. hgkq203@163.com."), [Xinxing Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+X&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Nursing Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, 261042, Shandong Province, China. ygrhxxx2017@163.com."), [Jiamei Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42634086)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42634086/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chineseand Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. chenjiamei9608@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. * 2 Department of outpatient, Qingdao West Coast New District Central Hospital, Qingdao, 266555, China. * 3 Clinical College of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China. * 4 Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, N0.528Xinsha Road, Shajing Street, Shajing Subdistric, Bao'an District, Shenzhen, 518104, Guangdong, China. * 5 Department of Acupuncture, Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. * 6 Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261042, Shandong, China. * 7 College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin Province, China. hgkq203@163.com. * 8 Nursing Center, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, 261042, Shandong Province, China. ygrhxxx2017@163.com. * 9 Shenzhen Clinical College of Integrated Chineseand Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. chenjiamei9608@163.com. # Contributed equally. * PMID: **42634086** * DOI: [ 10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8 ](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47326-8) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract This research aimed to elucidate the potential therapeutic efficacy of evodiamine (Evo) in alleviating IR associated with T2DM, and to further explain its underlying mechanism. The candidate bioactive components and targets of EVO were identified by using biomedical databases. Targets associated with IR were acquired from various databases. Intersectional analysis of Evo-related and IR-specific targets facilitated the construction of a PPI network. Cytoscape software was employed for the visualization of the "compound-target-disease" interactions, enabling the identification of key proteins. GO and KEGG analyses were then carried out to clarify the biological roles of the core Evo targets. MD analysis further confirmed the interactions between Evo and these key proteins. Additionally, the CCK-8 assay evaluated the influence of Evo on cell viability. The effects of Evo on glucose uptake and release were quantified, while Western blotting (WB) was employed to identify changes in protein expression driving the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, immunofluorescence techniques were implemented to visualize and quantify the expression levels of IRS-1, phosphorylated IRS-1 (p-IRS-1), and GLUT4 in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. A total of 122 Evo-associated targets were obtained, among which 37 intersected with IR-related targets. Notably, AKT1, STAT3, SRC, and PTGS2 were identified as crucial proteins within this network. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment of 126 significant pathways, among which the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was particularly critical in mediating the therapeutic effects of Evo on IR. HepG2 cells in the model group showed lower glucose consumption and higher glucose production than controls, whereas Evo administration enhanced glucose consumption and reduced glucose production. Using metformin as a positive control, statistically significant differences in glucose consumption and production were found between HepG2 cells treated with Evo and metformin. Additionally, the model group exhibited significantly lower p-AKT and p-PI3K expression versus controls. In IR-HepG2 cells, Evo treatment dose-dependently restored diminished p-AKT and p-PI3K levels, mirroring metformin's action. Relative to controls, the model group exhibited elevated p-IRS-1, which was downregulated by Evo in IR-HepG2 cells; metformin, however, failed to reduce p-IRS-1 significantly. The results of our study indicate that Evo's ability to function as a therapy for IR might be linked to its role in modulating the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increasing the GLUT4 expression. **Keywords:** Evodiamine; IRS-1/P13K/AKT pathway; Insulin Resistance; Molecular docking; Network pharmacology; Type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Hill, M. A. et al. Insulin resistance, cardiovascular stiffening and cardiovascular disease. Metab. Clin. Exp. 119 (2021). 2. 1. Klein, S., Gastaldelli, A., Yki-Järvinen, H. & Scherer, P. E. Why does obesity cause diabetes? Cell Metabol. 34, 11–20. (2022). - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.012) 3. 1. Ahmed, B., Sultana, R. & Greene, M. W. Adipose tissue and insulin resistance in obese. Biomed. pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine pharmacotherapie. 137, 111315. (2021). - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.
## Related Clinical Research

- [Antidiabetic Regimens and Risk of Cognitive Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes: Retrospective Cohort Fin](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42636218.md) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0356138)
- [Gut–pancreatic peptide therapies in metabolic disease: from GLP-1 mono-agonists to multi-agonist s](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42307179.md) (DOI: 10.1042/BSR20250114)
- [Antidiabetic regimens and risk of cognitive disorders in type 2 diabetes: large retrospective coho](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-23-antidiabetic-medications-and-risk-of-cognitive-disorders-in-type-2-diabetes-a.md)
- [GLP-1 receptor agonists and PMOS: evidence, mechanisms, and who may benefit](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-can-glp-1s-really-help-treat-pmos-experts-answer-3-key-questions.md)
- [Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes presenting as DKA with hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/cmaj-1-undiagnosed-type-2-diabetes-presenting-as-diabetic-ketoacidosis-with.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Pharmacology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.