---
title: "Geospatial methods for mapping zero-dose and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low-income"
id: "pubmed-42442083"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42442083"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128904"
published_at: "2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Geospatial methods for mapping zero-dose and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low-income
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42442083
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128904](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.128904)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-30T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This record is a scoping review titled "Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries." - Published in Vaccine, with citation details: 2026 Aug 30:89:128904; doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128904; Epub 2026 Jul 13. - The review focuses on **geospatial** approaches applied to map **zero-dose** prevalence and **routine childhood immunisation** coverage in **low- and lower-middle-income countries** (as stated in the title and metadata). - Lead authors and many co-authors are listed, including Ann M Njogu and Moses M Musau, and the publication lists multiple institutional affiliations across Europe and Africa (Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Twente, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, CIICHIN, Amref Health Africa, Rwanda Biomedical Center, among others). - The author group includes the **REACHOUT Consortium**, and many collaborators are named in the PubMed entry. - The PubMed page provides full author list, collaborator list, and institutional affiliations but the excerpt supplied here does not include the article abstract text, methods, results, or conclusions. - Key metadata (title, authors, journal, DOI, publication dates, affiliations) are present in the source; specific review findings, data sources, geospatial techniques examined, countries included, and recommendations were not reported in the provided source text. - Any methodological details, study selection criteria, thematic results, or conclusions cannot be summarized because they were not included in the supplied PubMed excerpt. - Users seeking the review's substantive content (methods, mapped outcomes, comparative evaluation of geospatial approaches, limitations, and implications for immunisation programs) will need to access the full text via the publisher or institutional access links listed on PubMed.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jul 13. # Geospatial approaches for mapping zero-dose prevalence and routine childhood immunisation coverage in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A scoping review [Ann M Njogu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Njogu+AM&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine \(ITM\), Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation \(ITC\), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. Electronic address: anjogu@itg.be."), [Moses M Musau](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Musau+MM&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine \(ITM\), Antwerp, Belgium; Population and Health Impact Surveillance Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment \(ILEE\), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium."), [Swati Srivastava](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Srivastava+S&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany."), [Francesco Menegale](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Menegale+F&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy."), [Emma Clarke](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Clarke+E&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland."), [Caroline Mudereri](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mudereri+C&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity Building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition \(CIICHIN\), Kigali, Rwanda."), [Felix R Kitema](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kitema+FR&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity Building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition \(CIICHIN\), Kigali, Rwanda."), [Yvonne Opanga](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Opanga+Y&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Amref Health Africa, Kenya."), [Arnold Mmbando](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mmbando+A&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity Building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition \(CIICHIN\), Kigali, Rwanda."), [Absolomon Gashaija](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gashaija+A&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity Building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition \(CIICHIN\), Kigali, Rwanda."), [Hassan Sibomana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sibomana+H&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda."), [Jeanine Condo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Condo+J&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity Building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition \(CIICHIN\), Kigali, Rwanda."), [Frank Osei](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Osei+F&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation \(ITC\), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands."), [Lenka Beňová](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Be%C5%88ov%C3%A1+L&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-10 "Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine \(ITM\), Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom."), [Justine I Blanford](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Blanford+JI&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation \(ITC\), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands."), [Piero Poletti](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Poletti+P&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy."), [Aleksandra Torbica](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Torbica+A&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-11 "Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy; CERGAS, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy."), [Alessia Melegaro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Melegaro+A&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 12 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-12 "Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy."), [Carlo Federici](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Federici+C&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 13 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-13 "CERGAS, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy."), [Peter M Macharia](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Macharia+PM&cauthor_id=42442083)[ 14 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-14 "Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine \(ITM\), Antwerp, Belgium; Population and Health Impact Surveillance Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya."); [REACHOUT Consortium](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=REACHOUT+Consortium%5BCorporate+Author%5D) Collaborators, Affiliations Expand ### Collaborators * **REACHOUT Consortium** : [Carlo Federici](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Federici+C)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Samuel Muhula](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Muhula+S)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Jeanine Condo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Condo+J)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Fabrizio Tediosi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tediosi+F)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Bolanle Oyeledun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oyeledun+B)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Piero Poletti](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Poletti+P)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Francesco Menegale](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Menegale+F)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Manuela De Allegri](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=De+Allegri+M)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [John Kutna](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kutna+J)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Yvonne Opanga](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Opanga+Y)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Herbert Barasa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barasa+H)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Joan Mboga](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mboga+J)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Anne Gitimu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Gitimu+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Caroline Mudereri](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mudereri+C)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Gashaija Absolomon](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Absolomon+G)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Felix Rubuga Kitema](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kitema+FR)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Hassan Sibomana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sibomana+H)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Olivier Wane](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wane+O)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Jean Damascene Hagenimana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hagenimana+JD)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Grace Kabanyana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kabanyana+G)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Jean de Dieu Hakizimana](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Dieu+Hakizimana+J)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Emma Clarke-Deelder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Clarke-Deelder+E)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Amit Aryal](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aryal+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Obioma Ezebuka](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ezebuka+O)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Francis Ogirima](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ogirima+F)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Oluwatosin Oladokun](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Oladokun+O)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Abimbola Phillips](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Phillips+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [David Udanwojo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Udanwojo+D)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Michael Omobhude](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Omobhude+M)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Carlos Felipe Balmaceda](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Balmaceda+CF)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Alessia Melegaro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Melegaro+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Maria Cucinello](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cucinello+M)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Aleksandra Torbica](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Torbica+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Vittoria Offeddu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Offeddu+V)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Ankit Shanker](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shanker+A)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Phidelis Wamalwa](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wamalwa+P)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Kavita Singh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Singh+K)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium."), [Swati Srivastava](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Srivastava+S)[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42442083/#full-view-affiliation-15 "The REACHOUT Consortium.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. Electronic address: anjogu@itg.be. * 2 Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Population and Health Impact Surveillance Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium. * 3 Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. * 4 Center for Health Emergencies, Fondazione Bruno Kessl
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