---
title: "Glutamine–Ammonium Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer"
id: "pubmed-42663286"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42663286"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/"
doi: "10.3892/or.2026.9186"
published_at: "2026-08-28T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Glutamine–Ammonium Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42663286
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/)
- **DOI:** [10.3892/or.2026.9186](https://doi.org/10.3892%2For.2026.9186)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-28T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Prostate cancer progression is driven by **metabolic reprogramming** and mechanisms of **immune evasion** that interact bidirectionally within the tumor microenvironment. - Dysregulated **glutamine metabolism** in tumors provides more than bioenergetic support: it shapes antitumor immunity through **nutrient competition** and by generating metabolites that alter immune cell function. - **Ammonium**, long considered a waste product, accumulates in the tumor microenvironment and functions as an **immunosuppressive metabolite** that can impair T cell activity and drive macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype. - The review summarizes the crosstalk between tumor metabolic pathways and immune cells, emphasizing how metabolic changes promote **therapeutic resistance** in prostate cancer. - Most evidence cited in the review is derived from preclinical models; clinical validation and translation of the glutamine–ammonium axis are currently lacking. - The authors propose the **glutamine–ammonium axis** as a promising therapeutic target and call for clinical investigation, including combination approaches with **immunotherapy**. - Keywords highlighted by the authors include ammonium, glutamine metabolism, immune evasion, immunometabolism, metabolic reprogramming, prostate cancer, therapeutic target, and tumor microenvironment. - The article is a review published in Oncol Rep (2026 Oct;56(4):180) by Peilong Wang et al., affiliated with the Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital. The DOI is 10.3892/or.2026.9186 and the PubMed ID is 42663286.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 28. # Decoding the metabolic‑immune crosstalk: The role of glutamine and ammonium reprogramming in prostate cancer immune evasion (Review) [Peilong Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+P&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Xiaoran Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+X&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Teng Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+T&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Jun Mi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mi+J&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China. * PMID: **42663286** * DOI: [ 10.3892/or.2026.9186 ](https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9186) Item in Clipboard Review # Decoding the metabolic‑immune crosstalk: The role of glutamine and ammonium reprogramming in prostate cancer immune evasion (Review) Peilong Wang et al. Oncol Rep. 2026 Oct. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Oncol Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oncol+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Oncol+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/) . 2026 Oct;56(4):180. doi: 10.3892/or.2026.9186. Epub 2026 Aug 28. ### Authors [Peilong Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+P&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Xiaoran Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+X&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Teng Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+T&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China."), [Jun Mi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mi+J&cauthor_id=42663286)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663286/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China.") ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China. * PMID: **42663286** * DOI: [ 10.3892/or.2026.9186 ](https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2026.9186) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Prostate cancer progression is typically driven by metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion, yet the interface between these processes remains incompletely understood. Dysregulated glutamine metabolism extends beyond bioenergetic support to actively shape antitumor immunity through nutrient competition and ammonium accumulation within the tumor microenvironment. Ammonium, traditionally viewed as a toxic waste product, is a critical immunosuppressive metabolite that impairs T cell function and promotes macrophage M2 polarization. The present review aimed to summarize the bidirectional crosstalk between tumor metabolism and immune cells, with emphasis on how metabolic alterations drive therapeutic resistance. While the majority of evidence supporting this axis derives from preclinical models, the present review highlights the glutamine‑ammonium axis as a promising but largely untapped therapeutic target requiring translation into clinical investigation, including combination strategies with immunotherapy. **Keywords:** ammonium; glutamine metabolism; immune evasion; immunometabolism; metabolic reprogramming; prostate cancer; therapeutic target; tumor microenvironment. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Targeting glutamine metabolism crosstalk with tumor immune response. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39746457/) Dong C, Zhao Y, Han Y, Li M, Wang G.Dong C, et al.Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2025 Feb;1880(1):189257. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189257. Epub 2024 Dec 31.Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2025.PMID: 39746457Review. * [ Advances in Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Regulatory Mechanisms in Lung Cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41930159/) Li X, Li X, Wu H, Li R.Li X, et al.Oncol Res. 2026 Mar 23;34(4):11. doi: 10.32604/or.2026.076176. eCollection 2026.Oncol Res. 2026.PMID: 41930159Free PMC article.Review. * [ Metabolic reprogramming as a driver of immune escape in melanoma: implications for immunotherapy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42131348/) Liang H, Han L, Feng X, Zhang L.Liang H, et al.Front Immunol. 2026 Apr 28;17:1805144. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1805144. eCollection 2026.Front Immunol. 2026.PMID: 42131348Free PMC article.Review. * [ Glycolytic reprogramming in cancer: immune crosstalk, nutrient competition, and supportive care perspectives. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42338603/) Wu H, Wang Y, Tian Y, Feng S, Yang X, Yuan X, Fan L, Feng Q, Liu Z, Zhao Q.Wu H, et al.Front Immunol. 2026 Jun 8;17:1862570. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1862570. eCollection 2026.Front Immunol. 2026.PMID: 42338603Free PMC article.Review. * [ Metabolic reprogramming orchestrates an immunosuppressive microenvironment in anaplastic thyroid cancer: mechanisms and clinical perspectives. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41716397/) Xia J, Zhai B.Xia J, et al.Front Immunol. 2026 Feb 4;17:1699202. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1699202. eCollection 2026.Front Immunol. 2026.PMID: 41716397Free PMC article.Review. 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