---
title: "Heteroatom-Modified Chlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Phosphorus and Sulfur Strategies to Improve"
id: "pubmed-42060989"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42060989"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897"
published_at: "2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Heteroatom-Modified Chlorins for Photodynamic Therapy: Phosphorus and Sulfur Strategies to Improve
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42060989
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bioorg.2026.109897)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Chlorins are widely used chromophores in **photodynamic therapy** but face limitations in vivo, including **aqueous aggregation**, suboptimal biodistribution, poor control of intracellular localization, and microenvironmental factors that reduce photochemical efficiency. - The review surveys chlorin platforms with an emphasis on overcoming these barriers by combining photophysical tuning with delivery and targeting functions through **heteroatom engineering**. - Incorporation of **phosphorus** motifs can serve dual roles: act as degradable hydrophilizing handles to improve formulation stability and be used as triphenylphosphonium tags to bias accumulation toward **mitochondria**. - **Sulfur-based** substituents and linkers are highlighted for their capacity to tune absorption/emission (spectral tuning) and to provide **redox-responsive activation**, potentially increasing selectivity in complex biological media. - Heteroatom modifications are presented as modular tools to regulate molecular **charge**, **polarity**, and noncovalent interactions, thereby addressing aggregation and biodistribution challenges. - The review frames phosphorus- and sulfur-containing strategies as complementary approaches that integrate chemical tuning with delivery and targeting to enhance photodynamic selectivity. - Keywords emphasized in the source include **Chlorins**, **Heteroatom engineering**, **Phosphorus-containing chlorins**, **Photodynamic therapy**, and **Sulfur-containing chlorins**. - The authors declare no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work. - The article is a review that synthesizes published approaches; specific experimental data, comparative outcomes, and procedural details are reported in the full text and are not provided in the PubMed abstract itself.
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Epub 2026 Apr 25. # Heteroatom-modified chlorins in photodynamic therapy: phosphorus- and sulfur-containing strategies to enhance targeting and selectivity [J A Sutemieva](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sutemieva+JA&cauthor_id=42060989)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia."), [D V Sobenin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sobenin+DV&cauthor_id=42060989)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Moscow Aviation Institute \(National Research University\), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia. * 2 Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com. * PMID: **42060989** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897) Item in Clipboard Review # Heteroatom-modified chlorins in photodynamic therapy: phosphorus- and sulfur-containing strategies to enhance targeting and selectivity J A Sutemieva et al. Bioorg Chem. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Bioorg Chem Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bioorg+Chem%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Bioorg+Chem%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/) . 2026 Aug 5:177:109897. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897. Epub 2026 Apr 25. ### Authors [J A Sutemieva](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sutemieva+JA&cauthor_id=42060989)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia."), [D V Sobenin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sobenin+DV&cauthor_id=42060989)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060989/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Moscow Aviation Institute \(National Research University\), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia. * 2 Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Volokolamskoe Shosse, 4, Moscow 125993, Russia. Electronic address: sackjoj01@gmail.com. * PMID: **42060989** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2026.109897) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Chlorins are widely used chromophores in photodynamic therapy, yet their performance is often limited by aqueous aggregation, nonoptimal biodistribution, insufficient control over intracellular localization, and microenvironmental constraints that reduce photochemical efficiency in vivo. This review surveys chlorin platforms in the context of these limitations and examines how heteroatom engineering can help overcome them by integrating photophysical tuning with delivery and targeting functions. Particular attention is given to phosphorus- and sulfur-containing modifications as modular tools to regulate charge, polarity, and noncovalent interactions, thereby improving formulation stability and enhancing selectivity. Phosphorus motifs are discussed as degradable hydrophilizing handles and as triphenylphosphonium tags that bias accumulation toward mitochondria, while sulfur-based substituents and linkers are considered for spectral tuning and redox-responsive activation that can increase targeting and selectivity in complex biological media. **Keywords:** Chlorins; Heteroatom engineering; Phosphorus-containing chlorins; Photodynamic therapy; Sulfur-containing chlorins; Targeting and selectivity. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ Conjugates of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles as Potential Anticancer Target-Oriented Photosensitizers. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36826755/) Korolchuk AM, Zolottsev VA, Misharin AY.Korolchuk AM, et al.Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2023 Feb 24;381(2):10. doi: 10.1007/s41061-023-00421-0.Top Curr Chem (Cham). 2023.PMID: 36826755Review. * [ Synthesis, optical properties and preliminary in vitro photodynamic effect of pyridyl and quinoxalyl substituted chlorins. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25797162/) Li J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yoon I, Kim DK, Yin JG, Wang JJ, Shim YK.Li J, et al.Bioorg Med Chem. 2015 Apr 15;23(8):1684-90. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.021. Epub 2015 Mar 14.Bioorg Med Chem. 2015.PMID: 25797162 * [ Ring-fused chlorin-enhanced photodynamic therapy for effective cell death induction in endometrial cancer. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41044293/) Serambeque B, Correia-Barros G, Lopes SP, Pereira NAM, Alves R, Gonçalves AC, Gama JM, Caramelo F, Teixo R, Cerdeira C, Silva F, Cipriano A, Pineiro M, Botelho MF, Melo TMVDPE, Carvalho MJ, Laranjo M.Serambeque B, et al.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2025 Sep;24(9):1597-1616. doi: 10.1007/s43630-025-00781-0. Epub 2025 Oct 3.Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2025.PMID: 41044293 * [ Photosensitization of skin fibroblasts and HeLa cells by three chlorin derivatives: Role of chemical structure and delivery vehicle. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16740249/) Postigo F, Sagristá ML, De Madariaga MA, Nonell S, Mora M.Postigo F, et al.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 May;1758(5):583-96. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.027. Epub 2006 Mar 20.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006.PMID: 16740249 * [ Chlorin Activity Enhancers for Photodynamic Therapy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40649324/) Michalak M, Szymczyk J, Pawska A, Wysocki M, Janiak D, Ziental D, Ptaszek M, Güzel E, Sobotta L.Michalak M, et al.Molecules. 2025 Jun 30;30(13):2810. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132810.Molecules. 2025.PMID: 40649324Free PMC article.Review. 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