---
title: "High-Throughput Production of Core-Mantle Pancreatic Islet Spheroids for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy"
id: "pubmed-42679324"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42679324"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/"
doi: "10.1021/acsami.6c07368"
published_at: "2026-09-09T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# High-Throughput Production of Core-Mantle Pancreatic Islet Spheroids for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42679324
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/)
- **DOI:** [10.1021/acsami.6c07368](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facsami.6c07368)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-09T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study presents a high-throughput method to manufacture **pancreatic islet spheroids** with a defined **core-mantle architecture** composed of β and α cells, using the **magneto-Archimedes effect**. - The core-mantle islet spheroid (CMIS) more closely mimics the spatial arrangement of rodent pancreatic islets in vivo than mixed-cell spheroids. - CMIS showed a more sensitive **glucose stimulation** response and improved **insulin secretion** performance compared with mixed islet spheroids, as evidenced by relative mRNA expression levels reported in the source. - Toxicity screening using CMIS (β:α = 7:3) evaluated common immunosuppressive drugs: **mycophenolate mofetil** had a less detrimental effect on cell viability and insulin secretion than **rapamycin** and **tacrolimus** in the reported tests. - In transplantation experiments in diabetic mice, CMIS with a β:α ratio of 7:3 produced a superior therapeutic effect compared with other spheroid types described. - The paper frames the technique as a versatile platform for fabricating spatially encoded organoids and for conducting high-throughput toxicity testing relevant to islet transplantation. - The abstract does not report detailed numeric results, specific mRNA fold-changes, or exact experimental parameters in the source text provided here; those details would be in the full article.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Similar articles MeSH terms Substances Related information Grants and funding LinkOut - more resources ACS Appl Mater Interfaces Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22ACS+Appl+Mater+Interfaces%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22ACS+Appl+Mater+Interfaces%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/) . 2026 Sep 9;18(35):47326-47338. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6c07368. # High-Throughput Production of Pancreatic Islet Spheroids with a Core-Mantle Architecture for the Treatment of Type I Diabetes in Mice [Xiangxiang Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China."), [Jingjing Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+J&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Chao Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+C&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Shubin Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Xuefeng Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Wan Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+W&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Fukai Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+F&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Animal Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Xiaojun Han](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Han+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China. * 2 Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China. * 3 Animal Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin150001, China. * PMID: **42679324** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acsami.6c07368 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c07368) Item in Clipboard # High-Throughput Production of Pancreatic Islet Spheroids with a Core-Mantle Architecture for the Treatment of Type I Diabetes in Mice Xiangxiang Zhang et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ACS Appl Mater Interfaces Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22ACS+Appl+Mater+Interfaces%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22ACS+Appl+Mater+Interfaces%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/) . 2026 Sep 9;18(35):47326-47338. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6c07368. ### Authors [Xiangxiang Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China."), [Jingjing Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+J&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Chao Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+C&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Shubin Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Xuefeng Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Wan Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+W&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Fukai Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+F&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Animal Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin150001, China."), [Xiaojun Han](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Han+X&cauthor_id=42679324)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679324/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin150001, China. * 2 Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing100034, China. * 3 Animal Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin150001, China. * PMID: **42679324** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acsami.6c07368 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c07368) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract A large population suffers from diabetes worldwide. Type I diabetes mellitus results in insulin-deficient hyperglycemia, causing serious health issues. Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising way to treat type I diabetes. It remains a challenge to obtain the islet spheroid with a core-mantle architecture similar to that of rodent pancreatic islets in vivo. We demonstrate a methodology to produce islet spheroids composed of β and α cells with a core-mantle architecture based on the magneto-Archimedes effect in a high-throughput manner. The core-mantle islet spheroid (CMIS) shows a more sensitive glucose stimulation response and better insulin secretion performance than the mixed islet spheroid at high-glucose conditions, as indicated by the relative mRNA expression levels. The high-throughput toxicity tests on immunosuppressive drugs using CMIS (β:α = 7:3) indicate that mycophenolate mofetil exhibits a less negative effect on cell viability and insulin secretion than rapamycin and tacrolimus. The CMIS (β:α = 7:3) exhibits a better therapeutic effect in treating diabetic mice after transplantation than the other types of islet spheroids, which holds great potential in the clinical treatment of diabetes. The proposed versatile methodology for core-mantle islet spheroids paves the path for fabricating spatially coded tissues with a complicated architecture in the organoid field. **Keywords:** core–mantle structure; high-throughput toxicity test; insulin; magnetic field; pancreatic islet spheroid. © 2026 American Chemical Society. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Islet cell spheroids produced by a thermally sensitive scaffold: a new diabetes treatment. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39456025/) Yao X, Gong Z, Yin W, Li H, Douroumis D, Huang L, Li H.Yao X, et al.J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Oct 26;22(1):657. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02891-w.J Nanobiotechnology. 2024.PMID: 39456025Free PMC article. * [ Different effects of FK506, rapamycin, and mycophenolate mofetil on glucose-stimulated insulin release and apoptosis in human islets. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19500470/) Johnson JD, Ao Z, Ao P, Li H, Dai LJ, He Z, Tee M, Potter KJ, Klimek AM, Meloche RM, Thompson DM, Verchere CB, Warnock GL.Johnson JD, et al.Cell Transplant. 2009;18(8):833-45. doi: 10.3727/096368909X471198. Epub 2009 Apr 10.Cell Transplant. 2009.PMID: 19500470 * [ Microchip-based engineering of super-pancreatic islets supported by adipose-derived stem cells. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24636217/) Jun Y, Kang AR, Lee JS, Park SJ, Lee DY, Moon SH, Lee SH.Jun Y, et al.Biomaterials. 2014 Jun;35(17):4815-26. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.045. Epub 2014 Mar 15.Biomaterials. 2014.PMID: 24636217 * [ Effect of hTIMP-1 overexpression in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on the repair of pancreatic islets in type-1 diabetic mice. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33404139/) Bao Y, Zhao Z, Gao H.Bao Y, et al.Cell Biol Int. 2021 May;45(5):1038-1049. doi: 10.1002/cbin.11548. Epub 2021 Feb 4.Cell Biol Int. 2021.PMID: 33404139 * [ Pancreatic islet cell therapy for type I diabetes: understanding the effects of glucose stimulation on islets in order to produce better islets for transplantation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17201925/) Ren J, Jin P, Wang E, Liu E, Harlan DM, Li X, Stroncek DF.Ren J, et al.J Transl Med. 2007 Jan 3;5:1. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-1.J Transl Med. 2007.PMID: 17201925Free PMC article.Review. 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