---
title: "Household Implementation Burden in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: The T1D-ELB-P Framework"
id: "pubmed-42700321"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42700321"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/"
doi: "10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Household Implementation Burden in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: The T1D-ELB-P Framework
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42700321
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/)
- **DOI:** [10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11892-026-01643-4)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This conceptual narrative review identifies a gap in existing frameworks for pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D): they emphasize measurable financial hardship and affordability but underrepresent the household-level resources and workload required for everyday care. - The authors propose a three-level model linking clinical cost data, the **household implementation burden** carried by families, and the lived daily experience of the child-parent-family triad. - The proposed Type 1 Diabetes Everyday-Life Burden-Pediatric (T1D-ELB-P) framework frames sustainability of modern T1D care as dependent not only on access and reimbursement but also on families’ **temporal**, **digital**, **organizational**, and decision-making capacities. - Five interrelated domains are highlighted: lifestyle and dietary adaptation; non-reimbursed or partially reimbursed consumables and accessories; digital infrastructure and **digital health literacy**; time, attention, and decision burden; and coordination with educational, extracurricular, and workplace settings. - The review notes that literature documents direct healthcare costs, out-of-pocket expenses, informal care, dietary changes, technology-related costs, parental distress, and time burden, but these elements are seldom integrated as cumulative household burdens. - Technology is positioned as a cross-cutting factor that exposes and amplifies implementation work across multiple domains rather than as an isolated focus. - The framework’s clinical and policy relevance lies in making visible how real-world use of modern diabetes technology is embedded in family functioning; the authors recommend that cost-of-illness, health technology assessment, and patient-centered studies explicitly measure family implementation costs and capacities. - The article contains no human or animal studies by the authors and reports no competing interests.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/c24ab723-7c80-48cd-9c68-022ded852586/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#abstract) * [ Conflict of interest statement ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#conflict-of-interest) * [ References ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#references) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#mesh-terms) Title & authors Abstract Conflict of interest statement References Publication types MeSH terms Review Curr Diab Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) . 2026 Sep 5;26(1):26. doi: 10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4. # The Hidden Everyday-Life Burden of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Household Implementation Framework for Modern Diabetes Technology and Family Care [Zsanett Tesch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tesch+Z&cauthor_id=42700321)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary."), [Norbert Buzás](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Buz%C3%A1s+N&cauthor_id=42700321)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. * 2 Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu. * 3 Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu. * PMID: **42700321** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4) Item in Clipboard Review # The Hidden Everyday-Life Burden of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Household Implementation Framework for Modern Diabetes Technology and Family Care Zsanett Tesch et al. Curr Diab Rep. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Curr Diab Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Curr+Diab+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) . 2026 Sep 5;26(1):26. doi: 10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4. ### Authors [Zsanett Tesch](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tesch+Z&cauthor_id=42700321)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary."), [Norbert Buzás](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Buz%C3%A1s+N&cauthor_id=42700321)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. * 2 Department of Health Economics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35. Kossuth L. sgt., Szeged, H-6724, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu. * 3 Department of Theoretical Health Sciences and Health Management, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. buzas.norbert@med.u-szeged.hu. * PMID: **42700321** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-026-01643-4) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Purpose of review:** Frameworks that classify the financial burdens of managing pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) primarily focus on measurable material hardship, affordability, and cost-related distress and therefore do not sufficiently detail the household-level resources that care requires from families. This study is a conceptual narrative review that aims to integrate the missing elements into a new three-level burden model, thereby linking the costs visible in clinical care, the household implementation burden borne by families, and the lived everyday experience of the child-parent-family triad. The proposed contribution of the model is to interpret the sustainability of modern T1D care not exclusively in terms of technology access, reimbursement, or clinical effectiveness, but also as a function of families' temporal, digital, organizational, and decision-making capacity in relation to everyday self-management, educational-setting coordination, caregiver time investment, digital health literacy, and the digital divide. **Recent findings:** The literature documents direct healthcare costs, out-of-pocket expenses, informal care, dietary adaptation, technology-related costs, parental distress, and time burden well when considered separately. However, these elements often do not appear as an integrated, cumulative household implementation burden. In pediatric T1D, the actual usability and sustainability of technology depend not only on device availability and reimbursement but also on the family's organizational, digital, temporal, and decision-making capacity. The T1D-ELB-P framework interprets the burdens placed on families as an organizing principle: it does not merely list domains but shows how financial, digital, temporal, decision-making, and institutional requirements can accumulate as household implementation burdens. The proposed Type 1 Diabetes Everyday-Life Burden-Pediatric framework (T1D-ELB-P) conceptualizes the everyday-life economic burden of pediatric type 1 diabetes as a complementary dimension interpretable at the household and caregiver levels. It highlights five interrelated domains: lifestyle and dietary adaptation; non-reimbursed or partially reimbursed consumables and accessories; digital infrastructure and digital health literacy; time, attention, and decision burden; and educational, extracurricular, and workplace coordination. In this model, technology is not a separate focus but a cross-cutting factor that makes the implementation work borne by families visible across several domains. The clinical and health-policy significance of the framework lies in its highlighting of how the real-world use of modern T1D care is embedded in the everyday functioning of the child-parent-family triad. Future cost-of-illness, health technology assessment, and patient-centered studies would benefit from explicitly measuring family implementation costs and capacities. **Keywords:** Diabetes technology; Digital health literacy; Digital infrastructure; Household implementation burden; Parental burden; Pediatric type 1 diabetes; School diabetes care. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Human/Animal Studies: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Tanenbaum ML, Commissariat PV, Wilmot EG, Lange K. Navigating the Unique Challenges of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems to Facilitate Effective Uptake, Onboarding, and Continued Use. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025;19:47–53. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968241275963) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39212371/) 2. 1. Biester T, Berget C, Boughton C, Cudizio L, Ekhlaspour L, Hilliard ME, et al. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery. Horm Res Paediatr. 2024;97:636–62. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1159/000543034) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39657603/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/11854989/) 3. 1. Tauschman M, Cardona-Hernandez R, Desalvo DJ, Hood KK, Laptev DN, Lindholm Olinder A, et al. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024 Diabetes Technologies: Glucose Monitoring. Horm Res Paediatr. 2025;97:615–35. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1159/000543156) 4. 1. de los Á Núñez-Baila M, Gómez-Aragón A, González-López JR. Social support and peer group integration of adolescents with diabetes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:1–14. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042064) 5. 1. Iken MK, Mateu NC, Johansen LB, Pilgaard KA, Mouritsen AK, Schou AJ, et al. Diabetes Management in Danish Primary School: A Survey of Experiences of Parents of Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetology. 2023;4:108–18. . - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010012) Show all 69 references ## Publication types * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) ## MeSH terms * Caregivers Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Caregivers%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Caregivers) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Child Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Child%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Child) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Cost of Illness* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cost+of+Illness%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cost+of+Illness) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / economics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%2Feconomics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1* / therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Digital Health Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Digital+Health%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Digital+Health) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Health Care Costs Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Health+Care+Costs%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Health+Care+Costs) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42700321%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700321/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Follow NCBI [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [ GitHub ](https://github.com/ncbi) [ ](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Connect with NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html) * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH) * [ SM-Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) * [ SM-Youtube ](https://www.youtube.
## Related Clinical Research

- [High-Throughput Production of Core-Mantle Pancreatic Islet Spheroids for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42679324.md) (DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6c07368)
- [PAINLESS trial protocol: Hybrid closed‑loop insulin pumps for painful diabetic neuropathy](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42709726.md) (DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357573)
- [Insulin promotes RAGE ectodomain shedding via AKT‑ and Rab14‑dependent ADAM10 trafficking in HAECs](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-22-insulin-enhances-rage-ectodomain-shedding-by-inducing-rab14-dependent-adam10.md)
- [Scalable encapsulation of pluripotent stem cell-derived islets in high-concentration alginate bead](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-13-bridging-scale-up-to-transplantation-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived-pancreatic.md)
- [Antidiabetic regimens and risk of cognitive disorders in type 2 diabetes: large retrospective coho](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-23-antidiabetic-medications-and-risk-of-cognitive-disorders-in-type-2-diabetes-a.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Pharmacology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.