---
title: "IGHG1 identified as Epimedium target in diabetes–gastric cancer comorbidity via machine learning a"
id: "pubmed-42364318"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42364318"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/"
doi: "10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# IGHG1 identified as Epimedium target in diabetes–gastric cancer comorbidity via machine learning a
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42364318
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2026.154160)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study addressed the clinical overlap between **diabetes mellitus (DM)** and **gastric cancer (GC)** and investigated how the traditional herb **Epimedium** might act on shared molecular mechanisms. - Researchers integrated transcriptomic datasets from DM and GC to find shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs); eight common DEGs were identified. - Machine learning algorithms combined with SHapley Additive exPlanations (**SHAP**) were used to prioritize core genes across both disease contexts, yielding **GABRA1** and **IGHG1** as hub candidates. - Predicted targets of Epimedium were intersected with machine-learning candidates to focus on potential therapeutic links. - Single-cell RNA sequencing (**scRNA-seq**) refined target selection by assessing cell-type-specific expression: **IGHG1** was markedly overexpressed in GC tissues compared with normal tissue, especially in the **B-cell** population; **GABRA1** was insufficiently expressed for further single-cell analysis. - In vitro validation used human HGC-27 gastric cancer cells. Epimedium reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 632.3 μg/ml (CCK-8 assay). - Epimedium treatment significantly downregulated **IGHG1** at both mRNA (qPCR) and protein (Western blot) levels in HGC-27 cells. - Authors conclude IGHG1 functions as a molecular bridge linking DM and GC and that Epimedium exerts anti-tumor effects in this comorbidity by targeting IGHG1, providing a potential therapeutic strategy. - The article used integrated bioinformatics (bulk transcriptomics, machine learning with SHAP, target prediction) and single-cell resolution plus standard cellular assays (CCK-8, qPCR, Western blot) to support findings. - Specific experimental parameters beyond those reported in the abstract (for example, detailed dataset identifiers, full machine-learning model parameters, or in vivo validation) were not reported in the source abstract.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Jun 26. # Integrative analysis of machine learning and single-cell sequencing identifies IGHG1 as a therapeutic target for epimedium in diabetes-gastric cancer comorbidity [Dawei Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+D&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Huikang Yao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yao+H&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Bengbu Hospital \(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University\), Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China."), [Wenzhong Bao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bao+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Yibo Zhai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhai+Y&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Qingfeng Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+Q&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Yi Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+Y&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Weiguo Zhou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhou+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China."), [Wenyong Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: wuwy332@163.com.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, China. * 2 Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Bengbu Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University), Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China. * 3 Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, China. * 4 Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. * 5 Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: wuwy332@163.com. * PMID: **42364318** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160) Item in Clipboard # Integrative analysis of machine learning and single-cell sequencing identifies IGHG1 as a therapeutic target for epimedium in diabetes-gastric cancer comorbidity Dawei Tang et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Biochem Biophys Res Commun Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biochem+Biophys+Res+Commun%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Biochem+Biophys+Res+Commun%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) . 2026 Sep 3:829:154160. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160. Epub 2026 Jun 26. ### Authors [Dawei Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+D&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Huikang Yao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yao+H&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Bengbu Hospital \(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University\), Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China."), [Wenzhong Bao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bao+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Yibo Zhai](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhai+Y&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Qingfeng Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+Q&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Yi Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+Y&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University\(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei\), Hefei, China."), [Weiguo Zhou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhou+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China."), [Wenyong Wu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wu+W&cauthor_id=42364318)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: wuwy332@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, China. * 2 Department of Surgical Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Bengbu Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University), Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, China. * 3 Department of General Surgery, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University(The Second People's Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, China. * 4 Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China. * 5 Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: wuwy332@163.com. * PMID: **42364318** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2026.154160) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** The clinical comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastric cancer (GC) presents a significant healthcare challenge, as these two conditions often synergistically promote disease progression. Although Epimedium is known for its anti-tumor and metabolic regulatory properties, the precise molecular mechanism by which it intervenes in the DM-GC comorbidity remains poorly understood. **Methods:** We integrated transcriptomic datasets of DM and GC to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Machine learning algorithms, enhanced by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, were utilized to isolate core genes within both disease contexts. These candidates were then intersected with the predicted targets of Epimedium. To refine the targets, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to evaluate cell-specific expression patterns. Additionally, CCK-8, Western blot, and qPCR assays were conducted in human HGC-27 cells to validate the therapeutic efficacy of Epimedium in vitro. **Results:** Eight common DEGs were identified, leading to the selection of GABRA1 and IGHG1 as primary hub genes. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that IGHG1 was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues compared to normal tissues, particularly within the B-cell population, whereas GABRA1 showed insufficient expression levels for further analysis. In cellular verification, HGC-27 cell viability was significantly inhibited by Epimedium in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 632.3 μg/ml. Furthermore, the expression of IGHG1 was markedly downregulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels following Epimedium treatment. **Conclusions:** Our findings identify IGHG1 as a critical molecular bridge in the DM-GC comorbidity. Epimedium exerts potent anti-tumor effects by targeting and downregulating IGHG1 expression. This study provides a novel therapeutic strategy and a robust theoretical basis for the treatment of patients suffering from concurrent diabetes and gastric cancer. **Keywords:** Comorbidity; Diabetes mellitus; Epimedium; Gastric cancer; IGHG1; Machine learning; Single-cell RNA sequencing. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Inc. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## MeSH terms * Cell Line, Tumor Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cell+Line%2C+Tumor%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cell+Line%2C+Tumor) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Comorbidity Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Comorbidity%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Comorbidity) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / drug therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fdrug+therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / epidemiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fepidemiology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Diabetes Mellitus* / genetics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetes+Mellitus) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Epimedium* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Epimedium%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Epimedium) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Neoplastic%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Neoplastic) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Machine Learning* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Machine+Learning%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Machine+Learning) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42364318/) * Single-Cell Analysis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Single-Cell+Analysis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Single-Cell+Analysis) * [ Add to Search ](h
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