---
title: "Lianmei granules in diabetic nephropathy: Integrative bioinformatics and NHANES epidemiology"
id: "pubmed-42854049"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42854049"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/"
doi: "10.1097/MD.0000000000051011"
published_at: "2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Lianmei granules in diabetic nephropathy: Integrative bioinformatics and NHANES epidemiology
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42854049
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/)
- **DOI:** [10.1097/MD.0000000000051011](https://doi.org/10.1097%2FMD.0000000000051011)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes causing end-stage renal disease; existing therapies have limited efficacy and adverse effects. - This study combined population epidemiology from NHANES (2001–2023) with network pharmacology, transcriptomics, immune infiltration, and molecular simulation to probe **Lianmei granules (LMG)** in DN. - For epidemiology, DN was operationally defined as diagnosed diabetes plus UACR ≥ 30 mg/g in matched adjacent NHANES cycles to reduce single-measurement false positives; the design is cross-sectional and not longitudinal. - Multivariate logistic regression identified independent DN risk factors: male sex (OR 1.072, 95% CI 1.015–1.132, P < .01), race (Non-Hispanic Black OR 1.536, 95% CI 1.412–1.671, P < .001; Mexican American OR 1.284, 95% CI 1.165–1.415, P < .001), and hypertension (OR 1.321, 95% CI 1.235–1.413, P < .001). - Network pharmacology screening found 215 active compounds in LMG and 64 potential DN-related targets. Core targets included **PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2)**, **EGFR**, **ESR1**, **CYP3A4**, and **MMP9**. - Enrichment analyses implicated pathways mainly related to **cellular responses** and **hormone signaling**. - Transcriptomic analysis (dataset GSE96804) identified 615 differentially expressed genes between DN and controls. - Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant differences in immune cell distribution between DN and control samples. - Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted; the abstract reports that these analyses were performed but does not provide specific docking or simulation results in the source. - The authors note limitations from cross-sectional epidemiology and approximation of clinical DN definitions; further longitudinal and experimental validation is implied but not detailed in the source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Integrative bioinformatics analysis of Lianmei granules in diabetic nephropathy: Epidemiological and molecular insights [Pengyan Dong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dong+P&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Hongying Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+H&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China."), [Zeyou Wei](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wei+Z&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Weiran He](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=He+W&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jiwei Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-3 "College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China."), [Shaoxia Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-3 "College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China."), [Yu Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Y&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Nan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+N&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Ning Su](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Su+N&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Yuan Yuan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yuan+Y&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Min Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+M&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jiming Wan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wan+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-4 "College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China."), [Jizhen Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China."), [Duohua Su](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Su+D&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jinxing Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Hua Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Qi Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Q&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#full-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. * 2 Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. * 3 College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China. * 4 College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China. * 5 Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China. * PMID: **42854049** * DOI: [ 10.1097/MD.0000000000051011 ](https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051011) Item in Clipboard # Integrative bioinformatics analysis of Lianmei granules in diabetic nephropathy: Epidemiological and molecular insights Pengyan Dong et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Medicine (Baltimore) Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Medicine+%28Baltimore%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Medicine+%28Baltimore%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/) . 2026 Oct 9;105(41):e51011. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000051011. ### Authors [Pengyan Dong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Dong+P&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Hongying Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+H&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China."), [Zeyou Wei](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wei+Z&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Weiran He](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=He+W&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jiwei Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-3 "College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China."), [Shaoxia Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-3 "College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China."), [Yu Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Y&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Nan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+N&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Ning Su](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Su+N&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Yuan Yuan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yuan+Y&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Min Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+M&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jiming Wan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wan+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-4 "College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China."), [Jizhen Liang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liang+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China."), [Duohua Su](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Su+D&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Jinxing Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Hua Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China."), [Qi Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Q&cauthor_id=42854049)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42854049/#short-view-affiliation-1 "State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. * 2 Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. * 3 College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China. * 4 College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China. * 5 Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China. * PMID: **42854049** * DOI: [ 10.1097/MD.0000000000051011 ](https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000051011) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to end-stage renal disease and significant morbidity. Current therapies are limited by efficacy and side effects, highlighting the need for novel treatments. Lianmei granules (LMG) show potential for treating DN, although their mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored DN epidemiology and investigated the active components, targets, and mechanisms of LMG using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis involving 44,090 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2023. Given the cross-sectional nature of NHANES, our analytical definition of DN was the presence of diagnosed diabetes and UACR≥30 mg/g in both matched adjacent NHANES cycles. This approach reduced potential false positives from single measurements and approximated clinical diagnostic standards without representing longitudinal follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression identified DN risk factors. LMG active compounds were screened using databases such as TCMSP. Overlapping targets with DN-related genes were identified to construct interaction networks, followed by protein-protein interaction networks, gene ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment, gene expression, and immune infiltration analyses. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed. Gender (OR: 1.072, 95% CI: 1.015-1.132, P <.01), race (Non-hispanic black: OR=1.536, 95% CI: 1.412-1.671, P < .001; Mexican Americans: OR = 1.284, 95% CI: 1.165-1.415, P < .001) and hypertension (OR = 1.321, 95% CI: 1.235-1.413, P < .001) were identified as independent risk factors for DN. A total of 215 active LMG compounds and 64 potential DN-related targets were identified, with core targets including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, EGFR, ESR1, CYP3A4, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Enrichment analysis indicated that these targets are mainly involved in cellular responses and hormone signaling. Differential expression analysis (GSE96804) revealed 615 differentially expressed genes, and immune infiltration analysis showed significant immune cell distribution differences between DN and control
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