---
title: "Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Parkinson’s Disease: Research Advances and Therapeutic Targets"
id: "pubmed-42725392"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42725392"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/"
doi: "10.3892/mmr.2026.14016"
published_at: "2026-09-11T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Parkinson’s Disease: Research Advances and Therapeutic Targets
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42725392
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/)
- **DOI:** [10.3892/mmr.2026.14016](https://doi.org/10.3892%2Fmmr.2026.14016)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-11T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with multiple pathogenic mechanisms. The review emphasizes the growing role of the **microbiota‑gut‑brain axis** in PD pathogenesis and progression. - Non-motor gastrointestinal and other systemic symptoms often appear early in PD and may reflect gut‑brain interactions. These non-motor features are considered early manifestations and may exacerbate disease course. - Reliable diagnostic criteria and robust biomarkers for PD related to the gut microbiome have not been fully developed; the review notes an unmet need for validated biomarkers. - The gut microbiota functions as a key transmitter of the gut‑brain axis and can influence PD through multiple pathways, including neuronal (vagus nerve), immune/inflammatory, and metabolic routes; **α‑synuclein** is highlighted as a relevant molecular factor linking gut and brain pathology. - Modulating the intestinal microbiome is proposed as a potential therapeutic approach. Interventions discussed include **antibiotics**, **probiotics**, **prebiotics**, dietary interventions, **fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)**, and **vagus nerve stimulation**. - Each therapeutic approach presents opportunities but also practical and scientific challenges; the review acknowledges unresolved issues and limitations for these strategies. - The article synthesizes recent research to offer new perspectives on understanding PD via the microbiome‑gut‑brain axis and suggests this axis as a target for prevention and control, while noting that details on efficacy, safety, and standardized protocols were not fully reported in the abstract. - Keywords signposting the review are Parkinson's disease, gut microbiota, microbiota‑gut‑brain axis, therapy, and α‑synuclein.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 11. # Research advances in the microbiota‑gut‑brain axis and Parkinson's disease (Review) [Yangping Meng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Meng+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Qian Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+Q&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Hao Zou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zou+H&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China."), [Xingyu Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Xinxin Mi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mi+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Sitong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Yutian Xia](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xia+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Yucheng Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Qianyu Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Q&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Jiaxin Peng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peng+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Junrui Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Xingliang Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China."), [Junli Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China. * 2 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China. * PMID: **42725392** * DOI: [ 10.3892/mmr.2026.14016 ](https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14016) Item in Clipboard Review # Research advances in the microbiota‑gut‑brain axis and Parkinson's disease (Review) Yangping Meng et al. Mol Med Rep. 2026 Nov. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Mol Med Rep Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mol+Med+Rep%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Mol+Med+Rep%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/) . 2026 Nov;34(5):305. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.14016. Epub 2026 Sep 11. ### Authors [Yangping Meng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Meng+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Qian Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+Q&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Hao Zou](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zou+H&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China."), [Xingyu Zhu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhu+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Xinxin Mi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mi+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Sitong Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Yutian Xia](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xia+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Yucheng Ma](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ma+Y&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Qianyu Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+Q&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Jiaxin Peng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Peng+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Junrui Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China."), [Xingliang Liu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Liu+X&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China."), [Junli Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42725392)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42725392/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China. * 2 Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075061, P.R. China. * PMID: **42725392** * DOI: [ 10.3892/mmr.2026.14016 ](https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2026.14016) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with diverse pathogenic mechanisms. The microbiota‑gut‑brain axis is closely related to the development of PD, in which non‑motor symptoms are considered to be the early manifestation and exacerbation of the disease. Nevertheless, reliable diagnostic criteria or biomarkers for PD have not been fully developed. The gut microbiota as a key transmitter of the gut‑brain axis, can affect disease progression through a variety of pathways, and may be a potential therapeutic target for PD. Therefore, new strategies have been developed with the aim to prevent and control PD by modulating the intestinal microflora, using tools such as antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation and vagus nerve stimulation; however, these interventions also face certain issues and challenges. The present article reviewed the latest research on PD through the microbiome‑gut‑brain axis, offering new angles for understanding and treating the condition. **Keywords:** Parkinson's disease; gut microbiota; microbiota‑gut‑brain axis; therapy; α‑synuclein. 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