---
title: "Nutritional strategies to support performance and recovery in soccer players: mechanism-based revi"
id: "pubmed-42679097"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42679097"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/"
doi: "10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836"
published_at: "2026-09-01T22:13:41.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Nutritional strategies to support performance and recovery in soccer players: mechanism-based revi
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42679097
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15502783.2026.2721836)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-01T22:13:41.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Modern soccer imposes intermittent high-intensity and aerobic demands that increase metabolic load, **oxidative stress**, and impair recovery. Multi-target nutritional supplements may help maintain performance and accelerate recovery. - This qualitative review synthesizes 22 interventional studies in soccer players on **melatonin**, **prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics**, **magnesium**, **sodium pyruvate**, and **purple grape-derived products**. - Studies were extracted and qualitatively synthesized using PRISMA 2020, with risk-of-bias appraisal via RoB 2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies; overall certainty was judged with an adapted GRADE approach. - **Melatonin** (nocturnal or pre-exercise) was linked to reduced oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant enzymes and appeared to attenuate short-term declines in performance; effects on maximal performance were inconsistent across studies. - **Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic** interventions improved mucosal immunity, lowered incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and reduced delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS); some combined formulations with protein or spirulina improved body composition and strength. - **Magnesium** alone provided limited and inconsistent benefits in non-deficient athletes; however, combined formulations suggested potential enhancements in buffering capacity and anaerobic performance. - Short-term **sodium pyruvate** supplementation supported ATP-PCr resynthesis and improved repeated sprint performance in the studies reviewed. - **Purple grape-derived products** increased serum antioxidant capacity and in some participants were associated with improved endurance performance. - Common study limitations included small sample sizes, heterogeneity of protocols (dose, timing, formulations), and lack of standardized mechanistic biomarkers, limiting definitive operational recommendations. - The review concludes that these supplements may support performance and recovery in soccer players but calls for larger, field-based randomized controlled trials to define precise, evidence-based strategies.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Sep 1. # Mechanism-based nutritional strategies for performance and recovery in soccer players: a qualitative research synthesis [Amir Hossein Azizi Ammarati](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Azizi+Ammarati+AH&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran."), [Zohreh Shanazari](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shanazari+Z&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran."), [Masoud Rahmati](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rahmati+M&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Exercise Physiology Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center \(CEReSS\), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. * 2 Exercise Physiology Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. * 3 Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center (CEReSS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. * PMID: **42679097** * DOI: [ 10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836) Item in Clipboard Review # Mechanism-based nutritional strategies for performance and recovery in soccer players: a qualitative research synthesis Amir Hossein Azizi Ammarati et al. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Int Soc Sports Nutr Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Int+Soc+Sports+Nutr%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Int+Soc+Sports+Nutr%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/) . 2026 Dec 30;23(1):2721836. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836. Epub 2026 Sep 1. ### Authors [Amir Hossein Azizi Ammarati](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Azizi+Ammarati+AH&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran."), [Zohreh Shanazari](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shanazari+Z&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran."), [Masoud Rahmati](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rahmati+M&cauthor_id=42679097)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Exercise Physiology Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42679097/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center \(CEReSS\), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. * 2 Exercise Physiology Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran. * 3 Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center (CEReSS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. * PMID: **42679097** * DOI: [ 10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2721836) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background and objectives:** Modern soccer, characterized by its intermittent high-intensity nature, requires a combination of explosive power and aerobic endurance. This physiological demand results in substantial metabolic load, oxidative stress, and disruption of recovery processes in players. Multi-target nutritional supplements may therefore provide critical support in maintaining performance and accelerating recovery. This qualitative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the efficacy of melatonin, gut-axis interventions (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics), magnesium, sodium pyruvate, and purple grape-derived products on performance and recovery outcomes in soccer players. **Methods:** Twenty-two interventional studies conducted on soccer players were systematically extracted and qualitatively synthesized following PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using design-specific tools, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for randomized controlled trials and the ROBINS-I framework for non-randomized intervention studies. Overall certainty of evidence was evaluated using an adapted GRADE framework. Particular attention was directed to study design, dosage and timing protocols, performance and biochemical outcomes, and methodological limitations, with emphasis placed on linking mechanistic evidence with applied performance and recovery outcomes. **Results:** Melatonin, administered either nocturnally or prior to exercise, was associated with reductions in oxidative stress markers and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, contributing to attenuation of short-term performance decline; however, its effects on maximal performance indices were inconsistent. Prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic interventions enhanced mucosal immunity and reduced the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) as well as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Certain combined formulations-particularly those co-administered with protein or spirulina-also demonstrated improvements in body composition and muscular strength. Magnesium supplementation alone showed limited and inconsistent benefits in athletes without deficiency, although combined formulations indicated potential improvements in buffering capacity and anaerobic performance. Short-term sodium pyruvate supplementation supported ATP-PCr system resynthesis and enhanced repeated sprint performance. Purple grape-derived products increased serum antioxidant capacity and, in some participants, improved endurance performance. **Limitations and conclusions:** Key limitations across studies included small sample sizes, protocol heterogeneity, and a lack of standardized mechanistic biomarkers. Overall, these supplements may support performance and recovery in soccer players; however, larger-scale, field-based randomized controlled trials are required to establish precise, evidence-based operational strategies. **Keywords:** Melatonin; athletic performance; exercise recovery; magnesium; probiotics; soccer slayers; synbiotics. 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