---
title: "Pharmacist-Provided Vaccination to Expand Adult Immunization in LMICs"
id: "pubmed-42585811"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42585811"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/"
doi: "10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004"
published_at: "2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Pharmacist-Provided Vaccination to Expand Adult Immunization in LMICs
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42585811
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2026.129004)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Adult immunization is increasingly important for life-course vaccination, healthy aging, and pandemic preparedness, yet coverage in low- and middle-income countries (**LMICs**) remains well below global targets. - Shortfalls in adult vaccine coverage in LMICs are attributed to limited healthcare infrastructure, shortages of trained immunization providers, insufficient financing, and barriers to accessing services. - Community pharmacists are an underutilized workforce with potential to substantially increase adult vaccination capacity in many LMICs. - Evidence from high-income countries shows that **pharmacist-provided vaccination** improves uptake, expands access, and eases pressure on strained healthcare systems. - Emerging LMIC data indicate pharmacist vaccination can be feasible and acceptable when supported by appropriate regulation, training, and operational systems; exact implementation outcomes and scope were not detailed in the abstract. - Pharmacists played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing access to vaccination, testing, treatment, and public health education, demonstrating their value as health system force multipliers in emergencies. - The reviewed article synthesizes evidence for pharmacist roles in adult vaccination in LMICs and discusses policy, regulatory, workforce, and operational considerations for integrating pharmacists into national immunization programs. - Expanding pharmacists' role in vaccine delivery is presented as a practical, scalable strategy to improve adult vaccination coverage, advance life-course immunization, and strengthen preparedness for future epidemics and pandemics. - The review highlights the World Health Organization (**WHO**) recommendation to expand seasonal influenza vaccination and other adult immunization programs but notes coverage gaps persist in LMICs. - Keywords emphasized in the source include Adult immunization, Influenza, LMICs, Life-course immunization, Pandemic preparedness, Pharmacists, and Vaccination.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 12. # Expanding adult immunization in low- and middle-income countries through pharmacist-provided vaccination [Lisa M Koonin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koonin+LM&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Health Preparedness Partners, Atlanta, GA, USA; Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address: lisakoonin@healthpreparednesspartners.com."), [Shane D Velez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Velez+SD&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Health Preparedness Partners, London, UK."), [Joseph S Bresee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bresee+JS&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Health Preparedness Partners, Atlanta, GA, USA; Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address: lisakoonin@healthpreparednesspartners.com. * 2 Health Preparedness Partners, London, UK. * 3 Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. * PMID: **42585811** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004) Free article Item in Clipboard Review # Expanding adult immunization in low- and middle-income countries through pharmacist-provided vaccination Lisa M Koonin et al. Vaccine. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Vaccine Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Vaccine%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Vaccine%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/) . 2026 Sep 17:90:129004. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004. Epub 2026 Aug 12. ### Authors [Lisa M Koonin](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koonin+LM&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Health Preparedness Partners, Atlanta, GA, USA; Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address: lisakoonin@healthpreparednesspartners.com."), [Shane D Velez](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Velez+SD&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Health Preparedness Partners, London, UK."), [Joseph S Bresee](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bresee+JS&cauthor_id=42585811)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42585811/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA.") ### Affiliations * 1 Health Preparedness Partners, Atlanta, GA, USA; Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. Electronic address: lisakoonin@healthpreparednesspartners.com. * 2 Health Preparedness Partners, London, UK. * 3 Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. * PMID: **42585811** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129004) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Adult immunization is increasingly recognized as an essential component of life-course vaccination strategies that improve population health, promote healthy aging, and strengthen pandemic preparedness. Despite recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) to expand seasonal influenza vaccination and other adult immunization programs, vaccine coverage among adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains substantially below global targets. This shortfall is largely due to insufficient healthcare infrastructure, shortages of trained immunization providers, inadequate financing, and barriers to accessing healthcare services. Community pharmacists represent an underutilized health workforce that could substantially expand adult vaccination capacity in many LMICs. Evidence from high-income countries consistently demonstrates that pharmacist-provided vaccination improves vaccine uptake, expands access, and reduces pressure on overstretched healthcare systems. Emerging evidence from LMICs similarly suggests that pharmacist-provided vaccination is feasible, acceptable, and supported by pharmacists when appropriate regulatory frameworks, training, and operational systems are established. Pharmacists played a critical role during the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding access to vaccination, testing, treatment, and public health education, demonstrating their value as health system force multipliers during public health emergencies. This review synthesizes current evidence supporting pharmacist-provided vaccination for adults in LMICs, summarizes emerging implementation experience, and discusses policy, regulatory, workforce, and operational considerations for integrating pharmacists into national immunization programs. Expanding pharmacists' role in vaccine delivery represents a practical, scalable strategy for improving adult vaccination coverage, advancing life-course immunization, and strengthening preparedness for future epidemics and pandemics. **Keywords:** Adult immunization; Influenza; LMICs; Life-course immunization; Pandemic preparedness; Pharmacists; Vaccination. Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:(Lisa M. Koonin reports financial support was provided by The Task Force for Global Health Inc. Other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.) ## Similar articles * [ Role of new vaccinators/pharmacists in life-course vaccination. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39453787/) Mark Doherty T, Privor-Dumm L.Mark Doherty T, et al.Ann Med. 2024 Dec;56(1):2411603. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2411603. Epub 2024 Oct 25.Ann Med. 2024.PMID: 39453787Free PMC article.Review. * [ A systematic review of the role of pharmacists in vaccination services in low-and middle-income countries. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32295736/) Yemeke TT, McMillan S, Marciniak MW, Ozawa S.Yemeke TT, et al.Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Feb;17(2):300-306. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.016. Epub 2020 Mar 28.Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021.PMID: 32295736 * [ Informing life-course immunization and pandemic preparedness: a COVID-19 vaccine evaluation and HPV introduction experience in Sierra Leone. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42192346/) Kangbai DM, Mutebi RR, Shen AK, Eleeza O, Yakubu A, Nyandemoh H, Kallon JM, Nunie A, Ikoona EN, Toure M, Michaels-Strasser S.Kangbai DM, et al.BMC Public Health. 2026 May 27;26(1):2442. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-27139-0.BMC Public Health. 2026.PMID: 42192346Free PMC article. * [ The IFPMA IVS seasonal influenza vaccine dose distribution survey 2022-2023: evidence of the need for committed national investment in and uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40983024/) Palache B, Fyyaz H, Thomson D, Taylor B, Copping E, Barbosa P; IFPMA Influenza Vaccine Supply (IFPMA IVS) task force.Palache B, et al.Vaccine. 2025 Oct 3;64:127747. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127747. Epub 2025 Sep 21.Vaccine. 2025.PMID: 40983024 * [ Tuberculosis. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30212088/) Bloom BR, Atun R, Cohen T, Dye C, Fraser H, Gomez GB, Knight G, Murray M, Nardell E, Rubin E, Salomon J, Vassall A, Volchenkov G, White R, Wilson D, Yadav P.Bloom BR, et al.In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11.In: Holmes KK, Bertozzi S, Bloom BR, Jha P, editors. Major Infectious Diseases. 3rd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2017 Nov 3. Chapter 11.PMID: 30212088Free Books & Documents.Review. 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