---
title: "Photoacoustic Imaging as a Sensitive Marker for Early Diabetic Nephropathy Detection"
id: "pubmed-42535406"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42535406"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/"
doi: "10.1002/jbio.70339"
published_at: "2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Photoacoustic Imaging as a Sensitive Marker for Early Diabetic Nephropathy Detection
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42535406
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/)
- **DOI:** [10.1002/jbio.70339](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjbio.70339)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-01T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and current tests such as albuminuria or GFR have limited sensitivity and can be time-consuming. - The authors evaluated a **photoacoustic imaging (PAI)** system to detect pathophysiological kidney changes in vivo using mouse models of DN. - PAI-derived metrics included average blood oxygen saturation (sO2 Avr), average total hemoglobin concentration (HbT Avr), and lipid photoacoustic (PA) signal intensity. - In early-stage DN, **sO2 Avr** was significantly elevated compared with controls; in advanced-stage DN sO2 Avr decreased relative to early stage. - At advanced-stage DN, **HbT Avr** and lipid PA signal intensity showed marked reductions. - Diagnostic accuracy (AUC) reported: sO2 Avr for early-stage DN = 0.847 (95% CI 0.636–1.0); HbT Avr for advanced-stage DN = 0.917 (95% CI 0.795–1.0); lipid PA signal intensity for advanced-stage DN = 0.875 (95% CI 0.734–1.0). - Authors conclude PAI may be potentially useful for early evaluation of DN based on these functional and compositional changes. - The study used mice and male subjects are listed in MeSH; additional methodological details such as sample size, exact imaging protocol, and statistical methods were not reported in the abstract on PubMed. - Keywords highlighted by the source include **diabetic nephropathy**, **photoacoustic imaging**, **oxygen saturation**, and **kidney**.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. * 2 Animal Experiment Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. * PMID: **42535406** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jbio.70339 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70339) Item in Clipboard # Can Photoacoustic Imaging Provide a Sensitive Marker for Early Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy Tingting Qiu et al. J Biophotonics. 2026 Aug. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Biophotonics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Biophotonics%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Biophotonics%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) . 2026 Aug;19(8):e70339. doi: 10.1002/jbio.70339. ### Authors [Tingting Qiu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Qiu+T&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China."), [Jiazhi Cao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cao+J&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China."), [Xijing Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+X&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Animal Experiment Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China."), [Yan Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+Y&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China."), [Hong Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+H&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China."), [Wenwu Ling](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ling+W&cauthor_id=42535406)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medical Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. * 2 Animal Experiment Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. * PMID: **42535406** * DOI: [ 10.1002/jbio.70339 ](https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70339) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease. Albuminuria or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test is time-consuming with low sensitivity. Here, we used a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) system to evaluate the pathophysiological change of DN in mice models in vivo. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average blood oxygen saturation (sO2 Avr) significantly elevated at early-stage group, then gradually decreased at the advanced stage. The average hemoglobin concentration (HbT Avr) and lipid PA signal intensity dramatically drop down at advanced stage of DN. The AUC of sO2 Avr for diagnosis of early stage DN was 0.847 (95% CI: 0.636-1.0). The AUCs of HbT Avr and lipid PA signal intensity for diagnosis of advanced-stage DN were 0.917 (95% CI: 0.795-1.0), 0.875 (95% CI: 0.734-1.0). In conclusion, PAI was potentially useful for the early evaluation of DN. **Keywords:** diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; kidney; oxygen saturation; photoacoustic imaging. © 2026 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ MR Elastography in Diabetic Rats: Assessing Glomerular Hyperfiltration, Dapagliflozin Therapy Response, and Early Diabetic Nephropathy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41840723/) Li W, Bai R, Gao X, Gu C, Ma H, Yang A, Li C, Guo H, Mao N, Wang K, Jiang X, Zhang X, Zhou M, Pan C, Sun M, Ma Y, Shi Y.Li W, et al.J Magn Reson Imaging. 2026 Jul;64(1):294-305. doi: 10.1002/jmri.70299. Epub 2026 Mar 16.J Magn Reson Imaging. 2026.PMID: 41840723 * [ Serum cystatin C as a marker for early detection of chronic kidney disease and grade 2 nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23089714/) Suzuki Y, Matsushita K, Seimiya M, Yoshida T, Sawabe Y, Ogawa M, Nomura F.Suzuki Y, et al.Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012 Oct 1;50(10):1833-9. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2011-0777.Clin Chem Lab Med. 2012.PMID: 23089714 * [ Early detection of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of the literature. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34791910/) Thipsawat S.Thipsawat S.Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2021 Nov-Dec;18(6):14791641211058856. doi: 10.1177/14791641211058856.Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2021.PMID: 34791910Free PMC article.Review. * [ Analysis of Circulating and Urinary Levels of hsa-miRNA-770-5p in Diabetic Nephropathy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42072666/) Nikolov D, Nikolov G, Geneva-Popova M, Popova-Belova S, Naydenov M, Karusheva MG.Nikolov D, et al.Biomolecules. 2026 Apr 8;16(4):545. doi: 10.3390/biom16040545.Biomolecules. 2026.PMID: 42072666Free PMC article. * [ Lessons learned from studies of the natural history of diabetic nephropathy in young type 1 diabetic patients. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18806710/) Steinke JM, Mauer M; International Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group.Steinke JM, et al.Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008 Aug;5 Suppl 4:958-63.Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008.PMID: 18806710Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42535406) ## References 1. 1. R. Xue, D. Gui, L. Zheng, R. Zhai, F. Wang, and N. Wang, “Mechanistic Insight and Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: Recent Progress and Future Perspective,” Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1839809. 2. 1. P. Saeedi, I. Petersohn, P. Salpea, et al., “Global and Regional Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2019 and Projections for 2030 and 2045: Results From the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edition,” Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 157 (2019): 107843. 3. 1. W. M. Valencia and H. Florez, “How to Prevent the Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Beyond Glucose Control,” British Medical Journal 356 (2017): i6505. 4. 1. S. M. Said and S. H. Nasr, “Silent Diabetic Nephropathy,” Kidney International 90 (2016): 24–26. 5. 1. R. Kikkawa, D. Koya, and M. Haneda, “Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy,” American Journal of Kidney Diseases 41 (2003): S19–S21. Show all 35 references ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Biomarkers / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biomarkers%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Biomarkers) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Diabetic Nephropathies* / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Nephropathies%2Fblood%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetic+Nephropathies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Diabetic Nephropathies* / diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Nephropathies%2Fdiagnosis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetic+Nephropathies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Diabetic Nephropathies* / diagnostic imaging Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Diabetic+Nephropathies%2Fdiagnostic+imaging%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Diabetic+Nephropathies) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Early Diagnosis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Early+Diagnosis%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Early+Diagnosis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Hemoglobins / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemoglobins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Hemoglobins) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Male Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Male%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Male) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Mice Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Mice%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Mice) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Oxygen / blood Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oxygen%2Fblood%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Oxygen) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Oxygen / metabolism Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oxygen%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Oxygen) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Photoacoustic Techniques* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Photoacoustic+Techniques%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Photoacoustic+Techniques) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) ## Substances * Biomarkers Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biomarkers%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Biomarkers%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Oxygen Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Oxygen%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Oxygen%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) * Hemoglobins Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hemoglobins%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22Hemoglobins%22) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535406/) ## Related information * [ MedGen ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen?linkname=pubmed_medgen&from_uid=42535406 "Related information in MedGen") ## Grants and funding * [ 2025ZNSFSC1760/Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=2025ZNSFSC1760%2FSichuan+Province+Science+and+Technology+Program%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc "All articles for
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