---
title: "Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum and effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms:"
id: "pubmed-42733028"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42733028"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/"
doi: "10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9"
published_at: "2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum and effects on depressive and anxiety symptoms:
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42733028
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/)
- **DOI:** [10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00737-026-01752-9)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the isolated effects of **physical activity** interventions on depressive and anxiety symptoms during the perinatal period, including pregnancy (antenatal) and postpartum. - The review followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidance and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301284). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with usual-care or no-intervention controls were eligible; trials with additional active components were excluded. - Trials were stratified into prevention-oriented (general samples) and symptomatic/treatment-oriented (participants with elevated symptoms) groups and analyzed separately. - From 10,938 records screened, 17 RCTs met inclusion criteria and were synthesized quantitatively where possible. - In prevention-oriented trials, **physical activity** was associated with lower antenatal depressive symptom scores (SMD -0.52, 95% CI -0.75 to -0.30; I² = 46%; seven trials; low-certainty evidence) and lower postpartum depressive scores (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.57 to -0.09; I² = 86%; seven trials; very low-certainty evidence). - For antenatal anxiety symptoms in prevention trials, no clear effect was observed (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.25; I² = 0%; three trials; very low-certainty evidence). - In exploratory analyses of symptomatic/treatment-oriented trials, physical activity was associated with lower postpartum depressive symptom scores (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.04; I² = 28%; three trials; very low-certainty evidence). - Secondary exploratory analyses suggested potential benefits for structured programs and interventions delivered approximately three times per week for ~60 minutes, but evidence certainty was low or very low. - The overall certainty of evidence ranged from low to very low, and substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity limits confidence in effect size and generalizability. - The evidence for effects on antenatal **anxiety** remains insufficient and inconclusive based on included RCTs. - Authors declared no competing interests; ethical approvals and consent statements were reported as not applicable in the summary.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. * 2 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. * 3 University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States. * 4 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. marina.pinheiro@sydney.edu.au. * 5 Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. melinapinheiro@ufsj.edu.br. * PMID: **42733028** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9) Item in Clipboard Review # Isolated physical activity programs during pregnancy and postpartum: Meta-analysis of randomized trials with usual-care controls on depressive and anxiety symptoms Daniela Aparecida de Faria et al. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Arch Womens Ment Health Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arch+Womens+Ment+Health%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Arch+Womens+Ment+Health%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) . 2026 Sep 14;29(5):116. doi: 10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9. ### Authors [Daniela Aparecida de Faria](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=de+Faria+DA&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil."), [Victor Antonio Ferreira Freire](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Freire+VAF&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil."), [Dayanne Gabriela de Melo Marques](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Marques+DGM&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil."), [Paulo Henrique Nogueira da Fonseca](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=da+Fonseca+PHN&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil."), [Kelly de Freitas Santos](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Santos+KF&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil."), [Crystian Bitencourt Oliveira](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bitencourt+Oliveira+C&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia."), [Luiza Oliveira Perucci](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Perucci+LO&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-3 "University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States."), [Marina de Barros Pinheiro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pinheiro+MB&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-4 "The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. marina.pinheiro@sydney.edu.au."), [Melina Barros-Pinheiro](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Barros-Pinheiro+M&cauthor_id=42733028)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. melinapinheiro@ufsj.edu.br.") ### Affiliations * 1 Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. * 2 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. * 3 University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States. * 4 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. marina.pinheiro@sydney.edu.au. * 5 Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del Rei, Brazil. melinapinheiro@ufsj.edu.br. * PMID: **42733028** * DOI: [ 10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9 ](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-026-01752-9) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Objective:** This study systematically evaluated the isolated effects of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms during the perinatal period. **Methods:** This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301284) and conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials were included if they assessed the effects of standalone physical activity interventions on depressive or anxiety symptoms in pregnant or postpartum women. Eligible trials involved physical activity interventions of any type, frequency, intensity, or duration, provided that the control group received usual care or no intervention without additional active components. Prevention-oriented trials and symptomatic/treatment-oriented trials were analyzed separately according to baseline population profile. **Results:** Out of 10,938 records identified, 17 trials met the inclusion criteria. In prevention-oriented trials, physical activity was associated with lower depressive symptom scores during both the antenatal period (SMD: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.30; I² = 46%; seven trials; low-certainty evidence) and the postpartum period (SMD: -0.33, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.09; I² = 86%; seven trials; very low-certainty evidence). For antenatal anxiety symptoms, physical activity did not show a clear effect compared with no intervention (SMD: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.31 to 0.25; I² = 0%; three trials; very low-certainty evidence). In a separate exploratory analysis of symptomatic/treatment-oriented trials, physical activity was associated with lower postpartum depressive symptom scores compared with no intervention (SMD: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.04; I² = 28%; three trials; very low-certainty evidence). Exploratory secondary analyses suggested favorable effects of structured physical activity and programs conducted three times per week for approximately 60 min on depressive symptoms, although the certainty of evidence was low or very low. **Conclusions:** Isolated physical activity interventions during the antenatal and postpartum periods may be associated with lower depressive symptom scores, particularly in prevention-oriented trials. A separate exploratory synthesis also suggested lower postpartum depressive symptom scores among symptomatic/treatment-oriented populations. However, the certainty of evidence was low to very low, and substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity limits confidence in the magnitude and generalizability of these findings. Evidence for antenatal anxiety symptoms remains insufficient and inconclusive. **Keywords:** Antenatal; Anxiety; Exercise; Meta-analysis; Perinatal depression; Physical activity; Postpartum; Randomized controlled trials. © 2026. The Author(s). [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. Ethical approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Author information (optional): Not applicable. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. ## References 1. 1. Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Sánchez-García JC, Rodriguez-Blanque R, Sánchez-López AM, Mur-Villar N (2019) Moderate physical activity in an aquatic environment during pregnancy (SWEP study) and its influence in preventing postpartum depression. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 25:112–121. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390317753675) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29490560/) 2. 1. Al-Sabah R, Al-Taiar A, Ziyab AH, Akhtar S, Hammoud MS (2024) Antenatal depression and its associated factors: findings from Kuwait birth cohort study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-024-00223-7) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38619741/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/11442740/) 3. 1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2020) Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Committee Opinion. [https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/clinical/files/committ...](https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/clinical/files/committee-opinion/articles/2020/04/physical-activity-and-exercise-during-pregnancy-and-the-postpartum-period.pdf) 4. 1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2018) ACOG Committee Opinion 736: Optimizing postpartum care. Obstet Gynecol 131:E140–E150. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000002633) 5. 1. Anderson E, Shivakumar G (2013) Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Front Psychiatry 4:27. - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027) - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23630504/) - [PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/3632802/) Show all 89 references ## Publication types * Meta-Analysis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Meta-Analysis%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Meta-Analysis) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Systematic Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Systematic+Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Systematic+Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) ## MeSH terms * Anxiety* / prevention & control Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anxiety%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anxiety) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Anxiety* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anxiety%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anxiety) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Anxiety* / therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anxiety%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anxiety) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Depression* / prevention & control Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Depression%2Fprevention+and+control%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Depression) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42733028/) * Depression* / psychology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Depression%2Fpsychology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://
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