---
title: "Pneumococcal Vaccination Coverage in ICU Patients: Cross-Sectional Study in Japan"
id: "pubmed-42605756"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42605756"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/"
doi: "10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279"
published_at: "2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Pneumococcal Vaccination Coverage in ICU Patients: Cross-Sectional Study in Japan
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42605756
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/)
- **DOI:** [10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21645515.2026.2715279)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This cross-sectional study assessed **pneumococcal vaccination** coverage among adults admitted to an ICU at a tertiary care hospital in Japan between May 15, 2023 and January 4, 2024. - Of 982 ICU admissions, 757 patients (77.1%) met eligibility criteria for pneumococcal vaccination based on the Japanese routine program used during the study period. - After excluding 32 non-responders, vaccination status was obtained for 725 eligible patients via a structured questionnaire administered to patients or family during ICU admission. - Among those 725, 124 (17.1%) reported prior pneumococcal vaccination, 371 (51.2%) reported no pneumococcal vaccination, and 230 (31.7%) reported unknown status. - Multivariable logistic regression found prior **influenza vaccination** as the only independent factor associated with reported pneumococcal vaccination (OR 31.8; 95% CI 4.3–236.7; p < .001). - The study highlights low documented pneumococcal vaccine uptake in an ICU population, and a large proportion with unknown records, underscoring gaps in vaccination documentation and the need for routine assessment of eligibility and history. - Methods, definitions of eligibility, and vaccination ascertainment relied on the Japanese routine vaccination program and patient/family-reported questionnaires; further details beyond the abstract were not reported in the source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 17. # Pneumococcal vaccination status in critically ill patients: A cross-sectional study [Tatsuya Watanabe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Watanabe+T&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan."), [Hidehiko Nakano](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nakano+H&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Maiko Motoki](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Motoki+M&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yuji Wakimoto](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wakimoto+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Daisuke Ikechi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ikechi+D&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Masaki Mochizuki](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mochizuki+M&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yuji Takahashi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Takahashi+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yasuaki Koyama](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koyama+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Hideki Hashimoto](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hashimoto+H&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Infectious Diseases, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan. * 2 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan. * 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Hitachi, Japan. * PMID: **42605756** * DOI: [ 10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279) Item in Clipboard # Pneumococcal vaccination status in critically ill patients: A cross-sectional study Tatsuya Watanabe et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2026 Dec. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Hum Vaccin Immunother Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Hum+Vaccin+Immunother%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Hum+Vaccin+Immunother%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/) . 2026 Dec;22(1):2715279. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279. Epub 2026 Aug 17. ### Authors [Tatsuya Watanabe](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Watanabe+T&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan."), [Hidehiko Nakano](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nakano+H&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Maiko Motoki](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Motoki+M&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yuji Wakimoto](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wakimoto+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Daisuke Ikechi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ikechi+D&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Masaki Mochizuki](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mochizuki+M&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yuji Takahashi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Takahashi+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Yasuaki Koyama](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Koyama+Y&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan."), [Hideki Hashimoto](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hashimoto+H&cauthor_id=42605756)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42605756/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Infectious Diseases, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Hitachi, Japan.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan. * 2 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan. * 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Hitachi, Japan. * PMID: **42605756** * DOI: [ 10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279 ](https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2026.2715279) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Critically ill adults are often older and have multiple chronic conditions, but data on prior pneumococcal vaccination in this population are limited. We aimed to assess pneumococcal vaccination coverage among eligible patients and identify factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination among ICU patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in an ICU at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. We included patients admitted to the ICU from May 15, 2023, to January 4, 2024. Eligibility for pneumococcal vaccination was defined with reference to the Japanese routine vaccination program during the study period. Vaccination status for pneumococcal, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines was assessed using a structured questionnaire administered to patients or family members during ICU admission. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed among eligible patients with known pneumococcal vaccination status. Among 982 patients, 757 (77.1%) met pneumococcal vaccination eligibility criteria. After excluding 32 non-responders, vaccination status was assessed for 725 eligible patients. Of these, 124 (17.1%) reported pneumococcal vaccination, 371 (51.2%) reported no pneumococcal vaccination, and 230 (31.7%) reported unknown status. In the multivariable analysis, influenza vaccination was the only factor independently associated with reported pneumococcal vaccination status (odds ratio, 31.8, 95% confidence interval, 4.3-236.7, _p_ < .001). Our study highlights that most ICU patients were eligible for pneumococcal vaccination, but a minority of eligible patients reported vaccination, and approximately one-third had unknown vaccination status. These findings support the need for more reliable vaccination records and routine opportunities to assess eligibility and history in this population. **Keywords:** Aged; intensive care units; pneumococcal infection; pneumococcal vaccine; vaccination. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in France: A prospective cohort study. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39909200/) Rolland S, Nguyen LL, Descamps A, Galtier F, Duval X, Vanhems P, Lainé F, Tattevin P, Bauer R, Launay O; FLUVAC study group.Rolland S, et al.Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Apr;153:107811. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107811. Epub 2025 Feb 3.Int J Infect Dis. 2025.PMID: 39909200 * [ Coverage of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations among immigrant and non-immigrant older adults in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41188807/) Kim JY, Sulis G, Russell A, Yang S, Papenburg J, Banerjee A, Li P.Kim JY, et al.BMC Public Health. 2025 Nov 4;25(1):3775. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-25005-z.BMC Public Health. 2025.PMID: 41188807Free PMC article. * [ Changes in pneumococcal vaccine coverage in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA): An analysis based on the 2018-2021 follow-up 2 survey. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41576043/) Sulis G, Maredia N, Wolfson C, Basta NE.Sulis G, et al.PLoS One. 2026 Jan 23;21(1):e0338213. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0338213. eCollection 2026.PLoS One. 2026.PMID: 41576043Free PMC article. * [ Folic acid supplementation and malaria susceptibility and severity among people taking antifolate antimalarial drugs in endemic areas. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36321557/) Crider K, Williams J, Qi YP, Gutman J, Yeung L, Mai C, Finkelstain J, Mehta S, Pons-Duran C, Menéndez C, Moraleda C, Rogers L, Daniels K, Green P.Crider K, et al.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 1;2(2022):CD014217. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014217.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022.Update in: [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2026 Feb 18;2:CD014217. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014217.pub2.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41705996/)PMID: 36321557Free PMC article.Updated. * [ [Vaccination status and factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination in geriatric short-stay care]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38677810/) Bourderont A, Lafont C, Descatoire P, Tandé D, Meurant A, Bourderont D, Villain C.Bourderont A, et al.Soins Gerontol. 2024 May-Jun;29(167):38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.sger.2024.02.009. 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