---
title: "Quject® lyotropic liquid crystal gel for long-acting ropivacaine: structure, PK, and sustained ana"
id: "pubmed-42562133"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42562133"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284"
published_at: "2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Quject® lyotropic liquid crystal gel for long-acting ropivacaine: structure, PK, and sustained ana
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42562133
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2026.127284)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-05T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study reports a bioresponsive **Quject® gel** — a lyotropic liquid crystal system based on lecithin, Span 20, and tocopherol acetate — optimized to undergo an in situ sol–gel transition when exposed to biological fluids. - Structural analyses (SAXS and cryo-TEM) confirmed formation of a stable **reversed hexagonal phase** with a lattice constant of approximately 5.80 nm and characteristic Bragg peaks at q ≈ 0.80, 1.38, and 1.60 nm⁻1 (1:√3:√4 ratio). - The dense nanochannels of the hexagonal depot restricted **ropivacaine** diffusion, producing a low initial burst (Day-0: 3.80%) and sustained release (43.66% cumulative release by Day-7) versus lamellar controls that released ≥95% over the same period. - In vivo rat pharmacokinetics showed prolonged systemic exposure: elimination half-life increased sevenfold (t1/2: 5.98 vs. 0.81 h) and peak plasma concentration decreased fourfold (Cmax: 58.13 vs. 231.00 ng/mL) compared with ropivacaine HCl. - The formulation extended measurable drug concentration to tlast = 42 h, covering much of the critical 48-h postoperative window while reducing peak systemic levels associated with toxicity risk. - Functional efficacy in a rat incision model (von Frey testing) demonstrated sustained **analgesic** effect up to 72 h after a single subcutaneous dose, compared with ≤6 h for ropivacaine HCl. - The authors conclude a direct structure–pharmacokinetics–efficacy relationship for the Quject® gel, suggesting a scalable, biocompatible approach for prolonged postoperative analgesia. - Keywords highlighted by the source: In situ sol–gel transition; Long-acting injectable; **Lyotropic liquid crystal**; Postoperative pain management.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Epub 2026 Aug 6. # Structural characterization and enhanced analgesic efficacy of a bio-responsive lyotropic liquid crystal Quject® gel for long-acting ropivacaine delivery [Ravi Maharjan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maharjan+R&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-1 "College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ravimaharjan@yonsei.ac.kr."), [Duck Soo Lim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lim+DS&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dslim@tionlabrx.com."), [Hye Jung Baik](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Baik+HJ&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hj.baik@tionlabrx.com."), [Ji Hyang Lim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lim+JH&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jh.lim@tionlabrx.com."), [Hyung Chul Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+HC&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Future Science and Technology Business, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kugene@korea.ac.kr."), [Seong Hoon Jeong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jeong+SH&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#full-view-affiliation-6 "College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ricjeong@yonsei.ac.kr.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ravimaharjan@yonsei.ac.kr. * 2 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dslim@tionlabrx.com. * 3 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hj.baik@tionlabrx.com. * 4 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jh.lim@tionlabrx.com. * 5 Department of Future Science and Technology Business, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kugene@korea.ac.kr. * 6 College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ricjeong@yonsei.ac.kr. * PMID: **42562133** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284) Item in Clipboard # Structural characterization and enhanced analgesic efficacy of a bio-responsive lyotropic liquid crystal Quject® gel for long-acting ropivacaine delivery Ravi Maharjan et al. Int J Pharm. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Pharm Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Pharm%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) . 2026 Sep 5:702:127284. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284. Epub 2026 Aug 6. ### Authors [Ravi Maharjan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maharjan+R&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-1 "College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ravimaharjan@yonsei.ac.kr."), [Duck Soo Lim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lim+DS&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dslim@tionlabrx.com."), [Hye Jung Baik](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Baik+HJ&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hj.baik@tionlabrx.com."), [Ji Hyang Lim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lim+JH&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jh.lim@tionlabrx.com."), [Hyung Chul Kim](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kim+HC&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Future Science and Technology Business, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kugene@korea.ac.kr."), [Seong Hoon Jeong](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jeong+SH&cauthor_id=42562133)[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/#short-view-affiliation-6 "College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ricjeong@yonsei.ac.kr.") ### Affiliations * 1 College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ravimaharjan@yonsei.ac.kr. * 2 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dslim@tionlabrx.com. * 3 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hj.baik@tionlabrx.com. * 4 Research Institute, Tionlab Therapeutics, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16950, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jh.lim@tionlabrx.com. * 5 Department of Future Science and Technology Business, Korea University, Seoul 02841, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kugene@korea.ac.kr. * 6 College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, the Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ricjeong@yonsei.ac.kr. * PMID: **42562133** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.127284) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract The effective management of acute postoperative pain remains challenging, primarily owing to the short half-life and rapid systemic clearance of anesthetics. Therefore, this study aims to report structural characterization, pharmacokinetic profiling, and enhanced analgesic efficacy of a bioresponsive lyotropic liquid crystal Quject® gel for long-acting ropivacaine delivery. A lipid system of lecithin, Span 20, and tocopherol acetate, was systematically optimized via ternary phase diagram to identify formulations that transition from sol-to-gel upon contact with biological fluids. Structural characterization using SAXS and cryo-TEM confirmed the formation of a stable reversed hexagonal phase (lattice constant a≈5.80 nm; characteristic Bragg peaks at q≈0.80, 1.38, and 1.60 nm⁻1 with 1:√3:√4 ratio). The dense nanochannels of the hexagonal depot restricted ropivacaine diffusion, resulting in a minimal initial burst (Day-0: 3.80%) and 43.66% cumulative drug release by Day-7, compared to near-complete release (≥95%) from lamellar controls over the same period. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis in rats revealed a 7-fold increase in elimination half-life (t1/2: 5.98vs. 0.81-h) and a 4-fold reduction in peak plasma concentration (Cmax: 58.13 vs. 231.00 ng/mL) compared to those of ropivacaine HCl, substantially mitigating systemic toxicity risk. The tlast concentration extended to 42-h, encompassing the critical 48-h postoperative recovery period. Furthermore, the von Frey test in a rat incision model confirmed sustained analgesic efficacy for up to 72-h after a single subcutaneous administration compared to ropivacaine HCl (≤6-h). These findings establish a direct structure-pharmacokinetics-efficacy relationship within Quject® gel, offering scalable, biocompatible prolonged postoperative analgesia. **Keywords:** In situ sol–gel transition; Long-acting injectable; Lyotropic liquid crystal; Postoperative pain management. Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## Similar articles * [ An injectable ropivacaine and lornoxicam sustained-release gel regulated by low molecular weight poly(ortho esters). ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40938727/) Wu X, Li X, Yin Z, Zhong H, He H, Zhang G, Hongfei L, Yang X.Wu X, et al.Pharm Dev Technol. 2025 Oct;30(8):1120-1130. doi: 10.1080/10837450.2025.2559717. Epub 2025 Sep 19.Pharm Dev Technol. 2025.PMID: 40938727 * [ Preclinical studies of ropivacaine extended-release from a temperature responsive hydrogel for prolonged relief of pain at the surgical wound. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30654057/) Oh KS, Hwang C, Lee HY, Song JS, Park HJ, Lee CK, Song I, Lim TH.Oh KS, et al.Int J Pharm. 2019 Mar 10;558:225-230. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.011. Epub 2019 Jan 14.Int J Pharm. 2019.PMID: 30654057 * [ Spatiotemporally tunable analgesic depot for on-demand postoperative pain management. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42114774/) Zhang L, Chu J, Wang X, Li W, Bai X, Lu C, Wu D, Hu X, Wang L, Liu Y.Zhang L, et al.J Control Release. 2026 Jul 10;395:115005. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2026.115005. Epub 2026 May 9.J Control Release. 2026.PMID: 42114774 * [ Lyotropic liquid crystals for parenteral drug delivery. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35792188/) Chavda VP, Dawre S, Pandya A, Vora LK, Modh DH, Shah V, Dave DJ, Patravale V.Chavda VP, et al.J Control Release. 2022 Sep;349:533-549. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.062. Epub 2022 Jul 20.J Control Release. 2022.PMID: 35792188Review. * [ Cubic and hexagonal liquid crystals as drug delivery systems. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24995330/) Chen Y, Ma P, Gui S.Chen Y, et al.Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:815981. doi: 10.1155/2014/815981. Epub 2014 Jun 5.Biomed Res Int. 2014.PMID: 24995330Free PMC article.Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42562133) ## MeSH terms * Analgesics* / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Analgesics%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Analgesics) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Analgesics* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Analgesics%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Analgesics) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Analgesics* / pharmacokinetics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Analgesics%2Fpharmacokinetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Analgesics) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Anesthetics, Local* / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anesthetics%2C+Local%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anesthetics%2C+Local) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Anesthetics, Local* / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anesthetics%2C+Local%2Fchemistry%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anesthetics%2C+Local) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Anesthetics, Local* / pharmacokinetics Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Anesthetics%2C+Local%2Fpharmacokinetics%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Anesthetics%2C+Local) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Delayed-Action Preparations / administration & dosage Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Delayed-Action+Preparations%2Fadministration+and+dosage%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Delayed-Action+Preparations) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42562133/) * Delayed-Action Preparations / chemistry Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://p
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