---
title: "Rutin-loaded β-cyclodextrin Nanosponges for Peptic Ulcer: In Silico and Preclinical Pharmacology"
id: "pubmed-42736524"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42736524"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736524/"
doi: "10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3"
published_at: "2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Rutin-loaded β-cyclodextrin Nanosponges for Peptic Ulcer: In Silico and Preclinical Pharmacology
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42736524
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736524/)
- **DOI:** [10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3](https://doi.org/10.1208%2Fs12249-026-03506-3)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves oxidative stress, Helicobacter pylori, and excessive gastric acid secretion; plant flavonoid **rutin** (RTN) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and proton pump inhibition properties but poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. - Researchers developed **RTN-loaded β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (RTN-NS4)** to improve solubility, stability and pharmacological activity for ulcer management. - Phase solubility studies produced an AL-type curve; DSC and PXRD indicated increased amorphization, and FTIR confirmed encapsulation of RTN in the nanosponge matrix. - SEM showed flaky nanoscale morphology. RTN-NS4 produced a **25.4-fold** increase in saturation solubility versus free RTN. - Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay was higher for RTN-NS4, reaching **87.91%** scavenging at 500 μg/ml, suggesting enhanced ROS-scavenging potential. - Molecular docking found strong RTN binding to **H+/K+-ATPase** with glide energy **-62.822 kcal/mol**, exceeding vonoprazan (glide energy -58.450 kcal/mol). RTN bound more strongly to the **nanosponge (NS)** model (-37.924 kcal/mol) than to **β-cyclodextrin (β‑CD)** (-33.034 kcal/mol). - In an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in Wistar rats, RTN-NS4 achieved **42 ± 7.23%** ulcer inhibition, superior to free RTN (**22.17 ± 6.53%**) but lower than omeprazole (**60.16 ± 8.23%**). - Histology showed moderate mucosal protection and decreased inflammation in RTN-NS4-treated animals. - Authors conclude RTN-NS4 is a promising **nanophyto-therapeutic** system combining antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and proton-pump inhibition effects for ulcer management, potentially avoiding PPI side effects. Details beyond the abstract (full methods, sample sizes, statistical tests and long-term safety) were not reported in the provided source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India. rao_mrp@aissmscop.com. * 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India. * PMID: **42736524** * DOI: [ 10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3 ](https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3) Item in Clipboard # Rutin loaded nanosponges for treatment of peptic ulcer: in silico, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies Monica Rp Rao et al. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID AAPS PharmSciTech Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22AAPS+PharmSciTech%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22AAPS+PharmSciTech%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736524/) . 2026 Sep 15;27(7):297. doi: 10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3. ### Authors [Monica Rp Rao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rao+MR&cauthor_id=42736524)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736524/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India. rao_mrp@aissmscop.com."), [Bushra Ashpak Bagwan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bagwan+BA&cauthor_id=42736524)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42736524/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India. rao_mrp@aissmscop.com. * 2 Department of Pharmaceutics, AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Pune, 411001, India. * PMID: **42736524** * DOI: [ 10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3 ](https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-026-03506-3) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial condition influenced by oxidative stress, Helicobacter pylori infection and excessive gastric acid secretion. Rutin (RTN), a plant-derived flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and proton pump inhibition properties, offers therapeutic promise but suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, RTN-loaded β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (RTN-NS₄) were developed and extensively characterized. Phase solubility studies revealed AL type of curve. DSC and PXRD indicated enhanced amorphization while FTIR confirmed successful drug encapsulation. SEM imaging revealed flaky, nanoscale morphology. RTN-NS₄ exhibited a 25.4-fold increase in saturation solubility compared to RTN. Antioxidant potential, assessed by DPPH assay, showed significantly higher antioxidant activity for RTN-NS₄ of 87.91% at 500 μg/ml, indicating enhanced ROS-scavenging ability. Molecular docking studies further confirmed RTN's strong binding affinity towards H+/K+-ATPase (glide energy of -62.822 kcal/mol) showing enhanced binding affinity and complex stability. In comparison, vonoprazon showed glide energy of -58.450 kcal/mol. These studies also confirmed that RTN has greater binding with NS (glide energy:-37.924 kcal/mol) than β-CD (glide energy:-33.034 kcal/mol). RTN-NS₄ achieved 42 ± 7.23% ulcer inhibition in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats, surpassing RTN (22.17 ± 6.53%) but 18% lower than omeprazole (60.16 ± 8.23%). Histological studies confirmed moderate mucosal protection and reduced inflammation in RTN-NS₄-treated rats. These results underscore RTN-NS₄ as promising nanophyto-therapeutic system offering synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and PPI activity effects for effective ulcer management without the concomitant side effects of PPIs. **Keywords:** BSA denaturation assay; DPPH assay; Nanosponges, photostability; Peptic ulcer disease; Rutin. © 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declarations. AI Tool: The graphical abstract was prepared using Nano Banana tool in Gemini AI- free version. Conflict of Interest: The authors would like to declare that there are no conflicts of interests, financial or any other. ## References 1. 1. Peptic Ulcer Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Medication. Symptoms & Treatments for Peptic Ulcer Disease. n.d. 2. 1. Sung JJY, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB. Systematic review: The global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(9):938–46. - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19220208/) - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x) 3. 1. Malfertheiner P, Chan FK, McColl KEL. Peptic ulcer disease. Lancet. 2009;374(9699):1449–61. - [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19683340/) - [DOI](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736\(09\)60938-7) 4. 1. Shanshal SA, Saleh Noori A, Atheer Ghazi J, Tahseen Dahham A, Samer Mohamed Saleh A, Kh Al-Qazaz H. Impact of peptic ulcer disease on the quality of life: A cross sectional study. Res J Pharm and Tech. 2022;15(7):267–3272. 5. 1. Guardia T, Rotelli AE, Juarez AO, Pelzer LE. Anti-inflammatory properties of plant flavonoids. Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. 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