---
title: "Scalp acupuncture mechanisms regulating inflammation in vascular cognitive impairment"
id: "pubmed-42621720"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42621720"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/"
doi: "10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874"
published_at: "2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Scalp acupuncture mechanisms regulating inflammation in vascular cognitive impairment
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42621720
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/)
- **DOI:** [10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874](https://doi.org/10.13702%2Fj.1000-0607.20250874)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a syndrome driven by cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors; inflammation is a key pathogenic contributor. - The reviewed article summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence that **scalp acupuncture** can modulate multiple inflammatory processes relevant to VCI. - Proposed mechanisms include regulation of **pro-inflammatory signaling pathways**, inhibition of excessive activation and polarization of **microglia**, and modulation of **astrocyte** function. - Scalp acupuncture is reported to activate the **cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway**, which may reduce systemic and central inflammatory responses. - Protection of **blood–brain barrier** integrity is described as a mechanism by which scalp acupuncture may reduce neuroinflammation and secondary neural injury. - The review also highlights scalp acupuncture’s role in balancing the **neuro‑endocrine‑immune** network, thereby restraining excessive inflammatory responses and improving cognition. - Authors emphasize that these anti‑inflammatory effects contribute to alleviating neuronal damage and slowing progression of VCI. - The article frames these mechanistic summaries as a scientific basis and reference for further investigation of scalp acupuncture’s anti‑inflammatory actions and for its clinical application in VCI. - The review is published in Zhen Ci Yan Jiu (2026), lists authors and affiliations, declares no conflicts of interest, and includes 70 references supporting the synthesis. - Keywords identified include **inflammatory response**, **scalp acupuncture**, **signaling pathway**, and **vascular cognitive impairment**.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China. * 2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001. * 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001. 13704884351@163.com. * PMID: **42621720** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874) Free article Item in Clipboard Review # [Research progress on the mechanism of scalp acupuncture in regulating inflammatory response for vascular cognitive impairment] [Article in Chinese] Yuan Zhang et al. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) . 2026 Aug 25;51(8):1097-1105. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874. ### Authors [Yuan Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China."), [Guang-Ran Zhao](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhao+GR&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001."), [Hong-Ju You](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=You+HJ&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China."), [Xiao-Xin Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+XX&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001."), [Cheng-Dong He](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=He+CD&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China."), [Li Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+L&cauthor_id=42621720)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#short-view-affiliation-3 "The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001. 13704884351@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China. * 2 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001. * 3 The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001. 13704884351@163.com. * PMID: **42621720** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250874) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/#zho-abstract) Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a cognitive impairment syndrome with cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors as the core cause. In recent years, the application of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of VCI has received extensive attention. This article focuses on the mechanism of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of VCI, and systematically summarizes its regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, inhibition of excessive activation and polarization of microglia, regulation of astrocyte function, activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, protection of blood-brain barrier integrity, and balance of neuro-endocrine-immune networks, thereby inhibiting excessive inflammatory response and improving cognitive function. Furthermore, it elaborates on the key role of scalp acupuncture in alleviating neural damage and delaying the progression of VCI, providing a scientific basis and reference for further investigation of its anti-inflammatory mechanism and clinical application. 血管性认知障碍（VCI）是以脑血管病及其危险因素为核心病因的认知障碍综合征。近年来，头针在VCI治疗中的应用受到广泛关注。本文聚焦头针治疗VCI的作用机制，系统总结其通过调控促炎信号通路、抑制小胶质细胞过度活化与极化、调节星形胶质细胞功能，同时激活胆碱能抗炎通路、保护血脑屏障完整性、平衡神经-内分泌-免疫网络，进而抑制过度炎性反应、改善认知功能。此外，文章深入阐述头针在减轻神经损伤、延缓VCI进展中的关键作用，为进一步探究其抗炎机制及临床推广应用提供科学依据及参考。. **Keywords:** Inflammatory response; Review; Scalp acupuncture; Signaling pathway; Vascular cognitive impairment. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. ## Similar articles * [ Based on voxel-based morphological analysis to investigate the effect of acupuncture-rehabilitation therapy on hippocampal volume and its neuroprotective mechanism in patients with vascular cognitive impairment with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A study protocol. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34941076/) Zhu L, Tang Q, Zhang L, Xin G, Liang B, Fan Y, Guan Y.Zhu L, et al.Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Dec 23;100(51):e28187. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028187.Medicine (Baltimore). 2021.PMID: 34941076Free PMC article. * [ Multicentre randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for vascular cognitive impairment: cognitive benefits and inflammatory biomarker modulation. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40915179/) Han X, Wang B, Xu L, Pi Y, Li F, Jiang T.Han X, et al.Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2025 Jan-Dec;80:100770. doi: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100770. Epub 2025 Sep 6.Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2025.PMID: 40915179Free PMC article.Clinical Trial. * [ [Research progress on acupuncture regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the treatment of acute lung injury]. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41261032/) Wang XY, Shen RS, Tang HF, Cui HS.Wang XY, et al.Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2025 Nov 25;50(11):1333-1338. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20241282.Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2025.PMID: 41261032Review.Chinese. * [ Acupuncture attenuates cognitive deficits through α7nAChR mediated anti-inflammatory pathway in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33160996/) Cao Y, Wang L, Lin LT, Wang XR, Ma SM, Yang NN, Fan H, Fisher M, Yang JW.Cao Y, et al.Life Sci. 2021 Feb 1;266:118732. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118732. Epub 2020 Nov 6.Life Sci. 2021.PMID: 33160996 * [ The Role of Acupuncture Improving Cognitive Deficits due to Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Diseases through Regulating Neuroplasticity. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33505460/) Ji S, Duan J, Hou X, Zhou L, Qin W, Niu H, Luo S, Zhang Y, Chan P, Jin X.Ji S, et al.Neural Plast. 2021 Jan 12;2021:8868447. doi: 10.1155/2021/8868447. eCollection 2021.Neural Plast. 2021.PMID: 33505460Free PMC article.Review. [ See all similar articles ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=42621720) ## References 1. 1. IADECOLA C, DUERING M, HACHINSKI V, et al. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia:JACC scientific expert panel[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2019, 73(25):3326-3344. 2. 1. Vascular Cognitive Impairment Branch of the Chinese Stroke Association. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment in China(2024 edition)(in Chinese)[J]. National Medical Journal of China, 2024, 104(31):2881-2894. 3. 1. The Cognitive Impairment Professional Committee of the Neurology Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Compilation Group of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Vascular Cognitive Impairment in China". Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive impairment in China in 2019(in Chinese)[J]. National Medical Journal of China, 2019, 99(35):2737-2744. 4. 1. PENG J, LIU Z L, ZHANG W J. Study of cognitive function scale in patients with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia[J]. Chinese Journal of Brain Diseases and Rehabilitation(Electronic Edition), 2014, 4(5):305-310. 5. 1. GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, 1990—2016:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(1):88-106. Show all 70 references ## Publication types * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * English Abstract Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22English+Abstract%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=English+Abstract) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) ## MeSH terms * Acupuncture Therapy* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Acupuncture+Therapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Acupuncture+Therapy) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Cognitive Dysfunction* / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%2Fimmunology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cognitive+Dysfunction) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Cognitive Dysfunction* / therapy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%2Ftherapy%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Cognitive+Dysfunction) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Inflammation / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Inflammation%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Inflammation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Microglia / immunology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Microglia%2Fimmunology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Microglia) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Scalp* Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Scalp%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Scalp) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42621720/) * Signal Transduction Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Signal+Transduction%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/me
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