---
title: "SDS-functionalized BNNTs enable dual photothermal and photodynamic activation under low-intensity"
id: "pubmed-42716061"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42716061"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/"
doi: "10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba"
published_at: "2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# SDS-functionalized BNNTs enable dual photothermal and photodynamic activation under low-intensity
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42716061
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/)
- **DOI:** [10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2057-1976%2Faea4ba)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Boron nitride nanotubes (**BNNTs**) have a wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability but limited biomedical application due to poor aqueous dispersibility and weak optical response under physiologically compatible excitation. - The study reports sodium dodecyl sulfate (**SDS**) surface functionalization to produce highly water-dispersible BNNTs with uniform surfactant adsorption. - Functionalization introduced defect-mediated surface states that broaden optical absorption into the **visible** range, enabling optical activation at lower energies. - SDS-functionalized BNNTs showed measurable **photothermal** heating under mild 520 nm (visible) excitation. - Under ultraviolet (**UV**) exposure the modified BNNTs generated potent **reactive oxygen species (ROS)** and produced cytotoxic effects even without direct nanotube–cell contact (effects seen in irradiated supernatants). - Biocompatibility testing with PC12 neural cells found low intrinsic toxicity of the functionalized BNNTs up to 25 µg ml-1 in the absence of irradiation. - UV-irradiated BNNT supernatants caused marked reductions in cell viability and pronounced nuclear abnormalities consistent with **apoptosis** driven by photochemically generated oxidative species. - The combined **dual-mode** optical activation (photothermal via visible light and photodynamic via UV) occurs at low intensity, offering a multifunctional nanoplatform that avoids high-power actuation and some limitations of carbon-based nanostructures. - The authors emphasize the need for future in vivo studies to assess therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution, and long-term biocompatibility; specific in vivo data were not reported in this source.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Ansell Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America."), [Santaneel Ghosh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ghosh+S&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America."), [Somesree Mitra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mitra+S&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#full-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 2 Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 3 Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 4 George S. Ansell Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America. * 5 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America. * PMID: **42716061** * DOI: [ 10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba ](https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba) Item in Clipboard # Optical activation of surface-functionalized BNNTs for dual-mode photothermal and photodynamic effects under low-intensity irradiation Sagar Kandel et al. Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Biomed Phys Eng Express Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biomed+Phys+Eng+Express%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Biomed+Phys+Eng+Express%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/) . 2026 Sep 21;12(5). doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba. ### Authors [Sagar Kandel](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Kandel+S&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America."), [Malsha Nanayakkara](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Nanayakkara+M&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America."), [David Diercks](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Diercks+D&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-4 "George S. Ansell Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America."), [Santaneel Ghosh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ghosh+S&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America.")[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America."), [Somesree Mitra](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Mitra+S&cauthor_id=42716061)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42716061/#short-view-affiliation-5 "Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.") ### Affiliations * 1 Nano-Bio Engineering Laboratory, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 2 Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 3 Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, United States of America. * 4 George S. Ansell Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America. * 5 Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America. * PMID: **42716061** * DOI: [ 10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba ](https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aea4ba) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) offer a unique combination of wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability that positions them as promising candidates for emerging photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapies; however, their biomedical use has been limited by poor aqueous dispersibility and weak optical response under physiologically compatible excitation. In this work, highly water-dispersible BNNTs were synthesized through sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surface functionalization, enabling, for the first time, a dual-mode optical response under low-intensity visible and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Comprehensive structural and compositional analyses confirmed uniform surfactant adsorption and the emergence of defect-mediated surface states that broaden optical absorption into the visible range. These modified BNNTs exhibited measurable photothermal heating under mild 520 nm excitation and, uniquely, generated potent ROS under UV exposure, leading to strong cytotoxicity even without direct nanotube-cell contact. Biocompatibility assays with PC12 neural cells demonstrated low intrinsic toxicity up to 25 _µ_ g ml-1, while UV -irradiated BNNT supernatants induced marked reductions in viability and pronounced nuclear abnormalities, consistent with apoptosis driven by photochemically generated oxidative species. The discovery that SDS-functionalized BNNTs can be activated through two orthogonal optical pathways at low energy thresholds establishes a novel multifunctional nanoplatform that circumvents limitations of traditional carbon-based nanostructures and high-power actuation methods. These findings highlight the potential of BNNT systems for minimally invasive, synergistic photothermal-photodynamic therapy and underscore the need for future _in vivo_ studies to evaluate therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution, and long-term biocompatibility. **Keywords:** boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs); hyperthermia nanoplatforms; nanomaterial biocompatibility; photodynamic therapy; ultraviolet-induced cytotoxicity. Creative Commons Attribution license. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Boron Nitride Nanotube (BNNT) Membranes for Energy and Environmental Applications. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33339291/) Yanar N, Yang E, Park H, Son M, Choi H.Yanar N, et al.Membranes (Basel). 2020 Dec 16;10(12):430. doi: 10.3390/membranes10120430.Membranes (Basel). 2020.PMID: 33339291Free PMC article. * [ An Assessment of the Potential Use of BNNTs for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28417903/) Ferreira TH, Miranda MC, Rocha Z, Leal AS, Gomes DA, Sousa EMB.Ferreira TH, et al.Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017 Apr 12;7(4):82. doi: 10.3390/nano7040082.Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017.PMID: 28417903Free PMC article. * [ Fabrication of Noncovalently Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanotubes with High Stability and Water-Redispersibility. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423210/) Kang SH, Jeon SW, Moon SY, Yoon YJ, Kim TH.Kang SH, et al.J Phys Chem Lett. 2020 Jun 4;11(11):4511-4516. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01177. Epub 2020 May 27.J Phys Chem Lett. 2020.PMID: 32423210 * [ Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38595268/) Zarepour A, Khosravi A, Yücel Ayten N, Çakır Hatır P, Iravani S, Zarrabi A.Zarepour A, et al.J Mater Chem B. 2024 May 8;12(18):4307-4334. doi: 10.1039/d4tb00255e.J Mater Chem B. 2024.PMID: 38595268Review. * [ Growth methodologies of boron nitride nanotubes and their neutron shielding applications: a review. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38327235/) Bae D, Lee KH, Kim MJ.Bae D, et al.Nanoscale. 2024 Feb 22;16(8):3817-3837. doi: 10.1039/d3nr06070e.Nanoscale. 2024.PMID: 38327235Review. 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