---
title: "Secondary temperature rise at Guanyuan (CV4) after moxibustion and effects on primary dysmenorrhea"
id: "pubmed-42908456"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42908456"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/"
doi: "10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819"
published_at: "2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "English Abstract"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Secondary temperature rise at Guanyuan (CV4) after moxibustion and effects on primary dysmenorrhea
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42908456
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/)
- **DOI:** [10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819](https://doi.org/10.13702%2Fj.1000-0607.20250819)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-25T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** English Abstract
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Investigators enrolled 170 patients with **primary dysmenorrhea** and classified them by presence or absence of **deqi** sensation during moxibustion at **Guanyuan (CV4)**. After propensity score matching, 59 patients remained in each group. - All participants received suspended **moxibustion** at CV4 for 30 minutes; skin temperature at CV4 was recorded before and after treatment. - The cohort showing **deqi** had a much higher incidence of a post-treatment, or secondary, temperature rise at CV4 (59.32% vs 3.39%; investigators reported P <0.01). - In the **deqi** subgroup with secondary temperature rise, the mean increase was reported as 0.54 ± 0.13 °C; the peak occurred at about 22 minutes after moxibustion stopped, and the subsequent cooling slope was slower than immediately after cessation. - Patients with secondary temperature rise experienced longer effective **deqi** time, greater **deqi** intensity, and higher rates of general comfort and autonomic response dimensions (all P <0.01). - Degree of secondary temperature rise correlated positively with effective **deqi** time and **deqi** intensity (P <0.001). - The **deqi** subgroup received moxibustion for two menstrual cycles (treatment described as (7±2) days per cycle); outcomes assessed with SF-MPQ and CMSS showed greater reductions in pain and symptoms among patients with secondary temperature rise (P values reported <0.05 to <0.01). - Reported total effective rate was higher among patients with secondary temperature rise (95.83% vs 75.00%; P <0.05). - Authors concluded that a secondary temperature rise at CV4 after **deqi** is associated with better clinical response in PD; the source did not report longer-term outcomes beyond the follow-up described nor detailed procedural variables beyond the 30-minute suspended moxibustion and per-cycle treatment days.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 The Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China. * 2 The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006. * 3 Heat-sensitive Moxibustion Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004. * 4 The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006. chenrixin321@163.com. * PMID: **42908456** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819) Item in Clipboard # [Secondary temperature rise effect at Guanyuan (CV4) after moxibustion in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and its influence on therapeutic effect] [Article in Chinese] Wei Xu et al. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Zhen Ci Yan Jiu Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Zhen+Ci+Yan+Jiu%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/) . 2026 Oct 25;51(10):1404-1414. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819. ### Authors [Wei Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+W&cauthor_id=42908456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "The Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006."), [Dingyi Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+D&cauthor_id=42908456)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#short-view-affiliation-2 "The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006."), [Haiyan Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=42908456)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Heat-sensitive Moxibustion Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004."), [Rixin Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+R&cauthor_id=42908456)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#short-view-affiliation-4 "The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006. chenrixin321@163.com.") ### Affiliations * 1 The Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China. * 2 The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006. * 3 Heat-sensitive Moxibustion Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004. * 4 The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006. chenrixin321@163.com. * PMID: **42908456** * DOI: [ 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819 ](https://doi.org/10.13702/j.1000-0607.20250819) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract in [ English, ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#eng-abstract) [ Chinese ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908456/#zho-abstract) **Objectives:** To observe the secondary temperature rise effect at Guanyuan (CV4) induced by moxibustion and its correlation with therapeutic efficacy in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). **Methods:** A total of 170 PD patients were divided into a non-_deqi_ group (_n_ =61) and a _deqi_ group (_n_ =109) according to the presence or absence of _deqi_ sensation during moxibustion at CV4. After propensity score matching, 59 patients were included in each group. All patients received suspended moxibustion at CV4 for 30 min. Skin temperature at CV4 was measured before and after moxibustion. The presence or absence of secondary temperature rise effect after cessation of moxibustion was observed in both groups. Differences in effective _deqi_ time, _deqi_ intensity, and _deqi_ dimensions were compared between patients with and without secondary temperature rise effect in the _deqi_ group. Subsequently, patients in the _deqi_ group received moxibustion treatment for 2 menstrual cycles, with (7±2) days of treatment per menstrual cycle. The short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ) and COX menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) were used to evaluate the influence of secondary temperature rise effect on therapeutic efficacy. **Results:** The incidence of secondary temperature rise effect in the _deqi_ group was 59.32% (35/59), which was significantly higher than 3.39% (2/59) in the non-_deqi_ group (_P_ <0.01). In patients with secondary temperature rise effect in the _deqi_ group, the mean degree of secondary temperature rise was (0.54±0.13) ℃, and the peak of secondary temperature rise appeared at (22.06±1.66) min after cessation of moxibustion. The cooling trend after secondary temperature rise was slower than that immediately after moxibustion (_P_ <0.01). Compared with patients without secondary temperature rise effect, those with secondary temperature rise effect had longer effective _deqi_ time (_P_ <0.01), stronger _deqi_ intensity _(P_ <0.01), and higher incidence rates of general comfort emotional experience and autonomic response dimensions (_P_ <0.01). The degree of secondary temperature rise was positively correlated with effective _deqi_ time and _deqi_ intensity (_P_ <0.001). After treatment and at follow-up, SF-MPQ and CMSS scores in both patients with and without secondary temperature rise effect in the _deqi_ group were lower than those before treatment (_P_ <0.01), and scores in patients with secondary temperature rise effect were lower than those in patients without secondary temperature rise effect (_P_ <0.05, _P_ <0.01). The total effective rate was 95.83% (23/24) in patients with secondary temperature rise effect, which was higher than 75.00% (18/24) in patients without secondary temperature rise effect (_P_ <0.05). The degree of secondary temperature rise was positively correlated with therapeutic efficacy (_P_ <0.001). **Conclusions:** Moxibustion at CV4 can induce a secondary temperature rise effect after _deqi_ , which is closely related to effective _deqi_ time, _deqi_ intensity, and _deqi_ dimensions. The secondary temperature rise effect at CV4 can further improve the clinical efficacy in PD patients, and a higher degree of secondary temperature rise is associated with better therapeutic effect. **目的** : 观察艾灸关元的二次升温效应及其与治疗原发性痛经（PD）疗效的相关性。**方法** : 170例PD患者根据关元有无艾灸得气分为未得气组61例、得气组109例，经倾向性评分匹配后获得两组各59例。对两组的关元悬灸30 min，检测施灸前后关元的皮肤温度，观察两组患者在停灸后有无出现二次升温效应，比较得气组中有无二次升温效应患者有效得气时间、得气强度和得气维度的差异，随后对得气组患者进行2个月经周期的艾灸治疗，每个月经周期治疗（7±2）d，采用简化McGill疼痛量表（SF-MPQ）、COX痛经症状量表（CMSS）评估二次升温效应对患者疗效的影响。**结果** : 得气组二次升温效应的出现率为59.32%（35/59），高于未得气组的3.39%（2/59， _P_ <0.01）。得气组有二次升温效应患者中，二次升温的平均度数为（0.54±0.13）℃，二次升温的峰值出现在停灸后（22.06±1.66）min，二次升温后的降温趋势较停灸后的降温趋势更缓（ _P_ <0.01）。与无二次升温患者比较，得气组有二次升温患者的有效得气时间更长（ _P_ <0.01），得气更强（ _P_ <0.01），全身舒适情感体验维度和自主神经反应维度的出现率更高（ _P_ <0.01），二次升温度数与有效得气时间、得气强度均呈正相关（ _P_ <0.001）。治疗后及随访时，得气组中有无二次升温患者的SF-MPQ、CMSS评分均较治疗前降低（ _P_ <0.01），且有二次升温患者的各项评分均低于无二次升温患者（ _P_ <0.05， _P_ <0.01）;有二次升温患者的总有效率为95.83%（23/24），高于无二次升温患者的75.00%（18/24， _P_ <0.05），二次升温度数与患者的疗效呈正相关（ _P_ <0.001）。**结论** : 艾灸关元得气后可产生二次升温效应，该效应与有效得气时间、得气强度和得气维度密切相关，关元的二次升温效应能进一步提高PD患者的临床疗效，且二次升温度数越高，疗效越好。. **Keywords:** Deqi; Guanyuan (CV4); Moxibustion; Primary dysmenorrhea; Secondary temperature rise effect; Therapeutic efficacy. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. ## References 1. 1. Huang X B, Xie D Y, Qiu Q, et al. Clinical observation of heat-sensitive moxibustion treatment for coronavirus disease 2019(in Chinese)[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2020, 40(6):576-580. 2. 1. Xie X, Kong B H, Duan T. Obstetrics and gynecology(in Chinese)[M]. 9th edition. Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House, 2018. 3. 1. Shen X Y, Liu C Z. Meridian and acupoint science(in Chinese)[M]. 5th edition. Beijing:China Press of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2021. 4. 1. Specialty Committee of Heat-sensitive Moxibustion of WFCMS. Standardized manipulations of heat-sensitive moxibustion therapy(in Chinese)[J]. World Chinese Medicine, 2017, 12(8):1959-1961. 5. 1. Chen R X, Lü Z M, Xie D Y, et al. Development and initial evaluation of deqi sensation scale of heat-sensitive moxibustion(in Chinese)[J]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, 2018, 38(11):1229-1234. 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