---
title: "Socioeconomic drivers of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Nigerian women of reproductive age"
id: "pubmed-42664197"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42664197"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664197/"
doi: "10.1371/journal.pone.0357171"
published_at: "2026-08-28T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Socioeconomic drivers of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Nigerian women of reproductive age
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42664197
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664197/)
- **DOI:** [10.1371/journal.pone.0357171](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0357171)
- **Published At:** 2026-08-28T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This analysis used the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to examine **COVID-19 vaccination uptake** among 36,555 women aged 15–49 years and to decompose socioeconomic inequality in uptake. - Overall uptake was low and patterned by advantage: the least disadvantaged women reported the highest uptake (31.6%), the moderately disadvantaged had intermediate uptake, and the most disadvantaged reported the lowest uptake (19.2%). - A concentration index and concentration curve showed vaccination was significantly concentrated among the **least disadvantaged** socioeconomic groups. - Positive contributors to the observed socioeconomic inequality included higher and secondary **education**, exposure to **mass media**, employment, **health insurance** coverage, older age (≥30 years), and residence in South West, South South and South East geopolitical zones. - The study interprets differences in uptake as reflecting broader social and structural inequalities in access to vaccination services across socioeconomic strata. - Authors conclude that achieving equitable vaccination coverage in Nigeria will require targeted interventions and context-specific policies prioritizing disadvantaged women and addressing socioeconomic barriers to access. - The paper is a secondary analysis of population-based survey data; methodological details reported include sample size, outcome definition (COVID-19 vaccination uptake), and use of socioeconomic decomposition methods, but the abstract does not provide granular methods or numerical decomposition contributions beyond the named factors. - No competing interests were declared by the author. The work is published open access in PLoS One and uses nationally representative survey data as its basis.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42664197** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0357171 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357171) Item in Clipboard # Decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Nigerian women of reproductive age: A further analysis of population-based data Michael Ekholuenetale. PLoS One. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID PLoS One Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22PLoS+One%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664197/) . 2026 Aug 28;21(8):e0357171. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357171. eCollection 2026. ### Author [Michael Ekholuenetale](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ekholuenetale+M&cauthor_id=42664197)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664197/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom.") ### Affiliation * 1 Faculty of Science and Health, School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42664197** * DOI: [ 10.1371/journal.pone.0357171 ](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357171) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract **Background:** Understanding COVID-19 vaccine uptake is particularly important in studies of inequity in vaccination access, as differences in uptake may reflect underlying social and structural inequalities. Evidence suggests that socioeconomic status is a key driver for COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Nigeria. This study examines the socioeconomic inequality in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among reproductive-age Nigerian women. **Methods:** Data from the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was analyzed for a sample of 36,555 women of reproductive age (15-49 years). COVID-19 vaccination uptake was the outcome variable measured in this study. A socioeconomic decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the factors contributing to inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination uptake across the socioeconomic gradient. **Results:** The least disadvantaged women had the highest COVID-19 vaccination uptake (31.6%), whereas the most disadvantaged women had the lowest COVID-19 vaccination uptake (19.2%). The concentration index curve showed that COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Nigerian women was significantly higher among the least disadvantaged group. In addition, having higher education, secondary education, being exposed to mass media, employed, covered by health insurance, being aged 30 years or older, from South West, South South and South East geopolitical zones respectively, were positive contributors to socioeconomic inequality in COVID-19 vaccination uptake. **Conclusion:** There was low uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccination among Nigerian women, with approximately one-third of the least disadvantaged, one-quarter of the moderately disadvantaged, and one-fifth of the most disadvantaged women reported receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. This shows that the dream of achieving equitable vaccination coverage will require concerted efforts and targeted strategies that prioritize disadvantaged women, including context-specific policies aimed at reducing socioeconomic barriers to access. Copyright: © 2026 Michael Ekholuenetale. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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